Problem Solved: The IISE Podcast

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This special ISE Day episode

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is brought to you by Binghamton University.

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find out more at

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binghamton.edu/ssie

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Hi everyone,

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and welcome to

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Problem Solved, The IISE podcast.

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This episode is airing on ISE Day,

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a day

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dedicated to celebrating the industrial

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and systems engineering profession

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and the people who use it to solve

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some of the world's

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most complex problems.

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And we are honored to have

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an incredible guest to mark the occasion.

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Colonel Shane

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Kimbrough is a retired NASA astronaut,

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a U.S.

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Army colonel

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whose career has taken him farther

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than most of us can imagine.

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Over three space missions,

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he has spent nearly 400 days in space,

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commanded the International Space

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Station,

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completed nine spacewalks

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totaling more than 59 hours,

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and become one of the few astronauts

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to fly aboard the space shuttle.

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The Russian Soyuz

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and SpaceX's Crew Dragon.

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But behind

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those extraordinary accomplishments

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is something

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our listeners know

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well, and industrial and systems

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engineering mindset.

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Shane earned a master's

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degree in operations research

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from Georgia Tech

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and throughout his career,

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from Army aviation

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to leading crews aboard

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the International Space Station.

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He's relied on systems

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thinking, teamwork,

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risk management, and continuous problem

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solving in environments

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where there is little room for error.

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So happy ISE Day

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and welcome to Problem Solved,

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Colonel Shane Kimbrough.

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Thank you so much for joining us.

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That's great to be here.

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Thanks for having me.

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Thanks for the kind introduction.

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It's very nice.

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Well,

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since this episode

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is airing on a ISE Day,

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I thought a great place to begin would be

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with some systems thinking

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and a bit of engineering background

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as it relates to spaceflight,

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and that's something that we don't get

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the chance to talk about very often.

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So when

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a lot of people talk about space flight,

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they might picture

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a rocket launch or a spacewalk,

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but those are really

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just the visible, results

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or the visible moments behind

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incredibly complex systems.

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Would you mind us taking a moment

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to maybe talk

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about some of the other systems

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that are behind spaceflight

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that we might not think about?

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They're not as obvious or as visible,

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but they're absolutely essential

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to mission success?

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Oh, yeah.

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We could probably be here all day

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talking about the answer

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to that question.

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But yeah, because there's so many. Right?

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I'm there's to get us to the launch pad.

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That kind of final thing

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that you're talking about.

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And seeing a rocket launch.

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It's years and

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years of other things behind the scenes

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that are making it all happen.

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And we get to certainly

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be a part of that.

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But it's the amazing one really.

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Hundreds and maybe thousands of people

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that did go there

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make that training process

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for us to get us to that launch day.

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The people,

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the men and women

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that are building the spacecraft,

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that's a whole nother process.

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You know, a day

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that we could spend talking about that.

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But really, I,

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I think I'll answer by saying,

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let's just look at the training flow.

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So your year, maybe two years,

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sometimes before your flight.

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There is a,

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there is a team

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that schedules

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pretty much your life

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for those

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that a year or two years,

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ahead of that flight.

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And a lot of that time is spent

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in Russia or Japan or Germany.

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And the other time is spent

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in Houston training

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or at Kennedy Space Center in Florida.

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And so all that has to be coordinated.

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All those training teams have to be,

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you know, dialed in

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to make sure you're getting the training

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when you're there, when you're on site.

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And so I just really want

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to give a huge shout out

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to those training teams

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and the processes that make that work.

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The mission control teams

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that we get the honor

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of working with and working for

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when we're in space, it's

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we're not in charge, by the way.

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When we're in space,

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it's the mission control

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teams around the world

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that are really in charge of the mission

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and keeping us safe.

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And and they getting the chance

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to work with them

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through another process

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of like simulator

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build ups before your mission.

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So you're in the simulators

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and you're really learning obviously,

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how to work together as a crew,

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but more importantly,

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how to work with the mission control team

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that's going to be working with you

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while you're in space.

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And so that process is amazing.

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And you get to know

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those people you get to

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and they get to know you as well.

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And, that just helps when,

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you know, on a normal day up in space,

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it doesn't really matter,

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but you're preparing for the bad days.

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And so when, when bad things happen,

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the processes that that were created,

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those couple of years ahead of time

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to get us to that point, really,

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that's where you make your money.

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And so I just want to highlight,

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certainly the mission control teams

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and all the training teams,

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and engineers and scientists

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around the world, did

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that allow us to get to that

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launch day opportunity?

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How did you find your way into industrial

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systems engineering?

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I got the chance through the

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Army to go to graduate school,

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which is amazing kind of mid career.

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There was a choice to go,

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for go fully funded.

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So I was like, oh, yeah.

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And the opportunity came to go to

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Georgia Tech, which I'm from Atlanta.

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So that was kind of going home

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for my wife and I.

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And so that was very attractive to us.

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And then we had to figure out

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what we were going to study.

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And,

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the Army just gave me a couple of options

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based on kind of that career path

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I was on in the Army.

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It wasn't like they just said,

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do whatever you want.

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And so,

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I had the opportunity

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to do operations research

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or get a get a math degree. And,

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I wanted to,

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to kind of do something

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a little more practical, I think.

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And that's why

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I went operations research.

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It sounded

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way more interesting to me at the time,

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although it's very math intensive,

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as you all know,

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that have gone through it.

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But it's to me

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as the optimization side, the,

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the efficiency side,

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all that kind of stuff

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really appealed to me, and that's why

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I chose to go that route.

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I heard you say that,

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you can't even sit in traffic

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sometimes without wondering

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what's not working properly or,

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how something could be working better.

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So I was just

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so it sounds like it ended up

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being a really good fit for you.

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But I was just wondering,

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has there ever been a time in space

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or on the International Space Station

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when you've had that thought

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that something could be working

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better, or something

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needs to be adjusted to be more optimized?

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100%.

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I hope I'm

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not the only person on this call that,

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that has that mindset.

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Probably a lot of us,

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it's a problem for me

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in a lot of cases, but,

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hopefully it's a functional problem.

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But, I do,

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you know, look at situations

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like most of you do, like,

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how is this happening

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or why is this happening?

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Or how do we fix this?

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And I had that that view,

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I wouldn't

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say daily in space, but almost daily.

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Right. There's so many,

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amazing things on board

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the International Space Station,

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but there's there's

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so many ways

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to make things more efficient

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or optimize things.

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And in general,

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I mean,

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we don't have necessarily the leeway

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to do that without working

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through the mission control team, right?

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That I mentioned before.

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And so

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V4, 1
because somebody

00:07:33:18 - 00:07:34:10
V4, 1
so just think of it

00:07:34:10 - 00:07:36:01
V4, 1
as somebody on the ground is designed

00:07:36:01 - 00:07:36:21
V4, 1
all these systems

00:07:36:21 - 00:07:38:10
V4, 1
on the International Space Station

00:07:38:10 - 00:07:40:07
V4, 1
and they've never been to space. Right.

00:07:40:07 - 00:07:42:08
V4, 1
And so some things just,

00:07:42:08 - 00:07:43:20
V4, 1
you know, there's better ways to do it

00:07:43:20 - 00:07:44:19
V4, 1
by being there

00:07:44:19 - 00:07:46:13
V4, 1
and being the kind of the operator

00:07:46:13 - 00:07:48:03
V4, 1
on the scene.

00:07:48:03 - 00:07:49:06
V4, 1
And so we have to explain,

00:07:49:06 - 00:07:50:11
V4, 1
really explain those things

00:07:50:11 - 00:07:52:12
V4, 1
to the scientists and engineers

00:07:52:12 - 00:07:53:14
V4, 1
and mission control

00:07:53:14 - 00:07:54:13
V4, 1
so that if we're going

00:07:54:13 - 00:07:55:19
V4, 1
to make a change to that, it's

00:07:55:19 - 00:07:57:14
V4, 1
not just a change for Shane,

00:07:57:14 - 00:07:59:07
V4, 1
it's a change for all the astronauts

00:07:59:07 - 00:08:00:21
V4, 1
that are going to come after me. Right.

00:08:00:21 - 00:08:03:00
V4, 1
And it makes sense to the program.

00:08:03:00 - 00:08:04:01
V4, 1
And it's not just,

00:08:04:01 - 00:08:04:08
V4, 1
you know, a

00:08:04:08 - 00:08:05:01
V4, 1
one off thing

00:08:05:01 - 00:08:06:21
V4, 1
that a certain astronaut wants to do.

00:08:06:21 - 00:08:07:03
V4, 1
And so

00:08:07:03 - 00:08:09:13
V4, 1
we got to be careful there because,

00:08:09:13 - 00:08:12:13
V4, 1
they respond, the mission control teams,

00:08:12:13 - 00:08:15:05
V4, 1
respond to things that we say, right.

00:08:15:05 - 00:08:16:02
V4, 1
Pretty rapidly.

00:08:16:02 - 00:08:17:11
V4, 1
And so you got to be careful there

00:08:17:11 - 00:08:18:05
V4, 1
because we again,

00:08:18:05 - 00:08:19:04
V4, 1
we don't want to change it

00:08:19:04 - 00:08:20:08
V4, 1
just because I think it's better

00:08:20:08 - 00:08:21:01
V4, 1
we we need to change it

00:08:21:01 - 00:08:22:07
V4, 1
because the whole crew

00:08:22:07 - 00:08:23:18
V4, 1
or the whole system thinks it's

00:08:23:18 - 00:08:25:07
V4, 1
going to be better for the long term.

00:08:25:07 - 00:08:26:15
V4, 1
So, but yeah,

00:08:26:15 - 00:08:27:21
V4, 1
there's plenty of things on board.

00:08:27:21 - 00:08:29:19
V4, 1
It's it's an amazing place.

00:08:29:19 - 00:08:30:17
V4, 1
Orbiting laboratory

00:08:30:17 - 00:08:33:00
V4, 1
is phenomenal place to live and work.

00:08:33:00 - 00:08:34:00
V4, 1
And why?

00:08:34:00 - 00:08:36:00
V4, 1
Because it's so kind of confined.

00:08:36:00 - 00:08:37:10
V4, 1
You're seeing things all the time

00:08:37:10 - 00:08:39:01
V4, 1
that you want to make a little better.

00:08:39:01 - 00:08:40:10
V4, 1
Make a little different.

00:08:40:10 - 00:08:41:19
V4, 1
But we can't just do it on our own.

00:08:41:19 - 00:08:42:20
V4, 1
We have to work through the mission

00:08:42:20 - 00:08:44:14
V4, 1
control team to make sure, again,

00:08:44:14 - 00:08:46:13
V4, 1
it makes sense for the whole team.

00:08:46:13 - 00:08:47:12
V4, 1
Right.

00:08:47:12 - 00:08:47:20
V4, 1
Well,

00:08:47:20 - 00:08:49:17
V4, 1
I actually had a question about that,

00:08:49:17 - 00:08:50:06
V4, 1
especially on

00:08:50:06 - 00:08:51:10
V4, 1
the International Space Station,

00:08:51:10 - 00:08:53:01
V4, 1
where you do like a lot of saying

00:08:53:01 - 00:08:55:04
V4, 1
science experiments and things like that.

00:08:55:04 - 00:08:56:10
V4, 1
That's kind of like,

00:08:56:10 - 00:08:56:18
V4, 1
you know,

00:08:56:18 - 00:08:58:07
V4, 1
you have limited resources,

00:08:58:07 - 00:08:59:01
V4, 1
you have limited crew

00:08:59:01 - 00:09:00:00
V4, 1
time, things like that.

00:09:00:00 - 00:09:01:17
V4, 1
And so it's

00:09:01:17 - 00:09:03:02
V4, 1
kind of an optimization problem

00:09:03:02 - 00:09:04:20
V4, 1
because you're kind of

00:09:04:20 - 00:09:06:12
V4, 1
weighing scientific value

00:09:06:12 - 00:09:08:03
V4, 1
against all these constraints.

00:09:08:03 - 00:09:09:21
V4, 1
How are those kinds of things planned?

00:09:09:21 - 00:09:10:06
V4, 1
I mean,

00:09:10:06 - 00:09:12:02
V4, 1
do you kind of get a say in those

00:09:12:02 - 00:09:14:04
V4, 1
because like you said, you're on board,

00:09:14:04 - 00:09:15:16
V4, 1
but you have,

00:09:15:16 - 00:09:16:02
V4, 1
you know,

00:09:16:02 - 00:09:17:14
V4, 1
you have to plan it all together.

00:09:17:14 - 00:09:18:15
V4, 1
How how are those planned

00:09:18:15 - 00:09:19:21
V4, 1
and how do you make those decisions?

00:09:19:21 - 00:09:21:21
V4, 1
Can you give us a glimpse into that?

00:09:21:21 - 00:09:22:08
V4, 1
Yeah.

00:09:22:08 - 00:09:23:19
V4, 1
So like you alluded to,

00:09:23:19 - 00:09:24:13
V4, 1
most of what we do

00:09:24:13 - 00:09:25:09
V4, 1
on the International Space

00:09:25:09 - 00:09:26:04
V4, 1
Station is world

00:09:26:04 - 00:09:28:10
V4, 1
class science and research.

00:09:28:10 - 00:09:29:02
V4, 1
Having said that,

00:09:29:02 - 00:09:30:10
V4, 1
we don't have a whole lot of say

00:09:30:10 - 00:09:32:03
V4, 1
in what we're going to do,

00:09:32:03 - 00:09:33:00
V4, 1
with the astronauts

00:09:33:00 - 00:09:35:01
V4, 1
because we're going to be up there

00:09:35:01 - 00:09:36:19
V4, 1
for six, 6 or 7 months at a time.

00:09:36:19 - 00:09:38:05
V4, 1
We don't really know

00:09:38:05 - 00:09:38:19
V4, 1
necessarily

00:09:38:19 - 00:09:40:02
V4, 1
what experiments are going to be there

00:09:40:02 - 00:09:41:00
V4, 1
or what's going to come up

00:09:41:00 - 00:09:42:02
V4, 1
while you're there.

00:09:42:02 - 00:09:44:07
V4, 1
So we rely on another process,

00:09:44:07 - 00:09:46:06
V4, 1
an amazing process and team

00:09:46:06 - 00:09:47:09
V4, 1
that does that.

00:09:47:09 - 00:09:48:20
V4, 1
Those are all run out of,

00:09:48:20 - 00:09:49:16
V4, 1
mission control team

00:09:49:16 - 00:09:51:14
V4, 1
out of Huntsville, Alabama,

00:09:51:14 - 00:09:53:02
V4, 1
payload control center there.

00:09:53:02 - 00:09:54:04
V4, 1
And there's a system

00:09:54:04 - 00:09:55:03
V4, 1
that the researchers

00:09:55:03 - 00:09:57:17
V4, 1
from all over the world can submit their,

00:09:57:17 - 00:09:59:04
V4, 1
you know, experiments to be flown

00:09:59:04 - 00:10:01:07
V4, 1
and flown into space or not.

00:10:01:07 - 00:10:02:17
V4, 1
And, once they get selected,

00:10:02:17 - 00:10:03:11
V4, 1
then they'll get, you

00:10:03:11 - 00:10:05:16
V4, 1
know, manifest it for a flight

00:10:05:16 - 00:10:06:19
V4, 1
and they'll get flown again.

00:10:06:19 - 00:10:08:07
V4, 1
We don't generally get briefed

00:10:08:07 - 00:10:09:20
V4, 1
on any of these things.

00:10:09:20 - 00:10:10:18
V4, 1
Maybe a few things

00:10:10:18 - 00:10:11:14
V4, 1
through our training flow

00:10:11:14 - 00:10:12:16
V4, 1
that are really major,

00:10:12:16 - 00:10:14:08
V4, 1
that we know are going to be there.

00:10:14:08 - 00:10:15:17
V4, 1
We'll get a glimpse into that.

00:10:15:17 - 00:10:17:22
V4, 1
But generally, we don't know.

00:10:17:22 - 00:10:19:02
V4, 1
So we're going to wake up,

00:10:19:02 - 00:10:20:23
V4, 1
you know, or maybe the night before,

00:10:20:23 - 00:10:21:03
V4, 1
you know,

00:10:21:03 - 00:10:22:14
V4, 1
I go to bed on the space station.

00:10:22:14 - 00:10:23:10
V4, 1
I'll look at my calendar

00:10:23:10 - 00:10:24:16
V4, 1
the next day, my schedule,

00:10:24:16 - 00:10:26:03
V4, 1
and I'll see what experiments

00:10:26:03 - 00:10:27:00
V4, 1
on switch to work on.

00:10:27:00 - 00:10:28:06
V4, 1
And you can generally look at a look

00:10:28:06 - 00:10:29:19
V4, 1
I had like a one pager

00:10:29:19 - 00:10:31:00
V4, 1
to kind of give you some insight.

00:10:32:06 - 00:10:33:17
V4, 1
And then if it's, if

00:10:33:17 - 00:10:34:01
V4, 1
it's a

00:10:34:01 - 00:10:34:22
V4, 1
critical thing,

00:10:34:22 - 00:10:36:03
V4, 1
the good thing we do now

00:10:36:03 - 00:10:38:09
V4, 1
is we're going to have that researcher

00:10:38:09 - 00:10:39:11
V4, 1
or that scientist

00:10:39:11 - 00:10:41:01
V4, 1
on the, on the phone with us

00:10:41:01 - 00:10:41:21
V4, 1
while we're doing it.

00:10:41:21 - 00:10:43:15
V4, 1
We'll put a camera over our shoulder.

00:10:43:15 - 00:10:44:16
V4, 1
They can watch us doing

00:10:44:16 - 00:10:45:12
V4, 1
everything we're doing

00:10:45:12 - 00:10:46:17
V4, 1
so that we don't mess up.

00:10:46:17 - 00:10:49:07
V4, 1
You know, their 5 to 10 years of work.

00:10:49:07 - 00:10:50:05
V4, 1
To get to that point.

00:10:50:05 - 00:10:50:22
V4, 1
We don't want to do that.

00:10:50:22 - 00:10:52:11
V4, 1
We have messed things up in the past.

00:10:52:11 - 00:10:55:11
V4, 1
And, we found ways to do that better,

00:10:55:12 - 00:10:56:04
V4, 1
and that's to

00:10:56:04 - 00:10:58:09
V4, 1
to bring them into the conversation

00:10:58:09 - 00:10:59:16
V4, 1
and also put a camera,

00:10:59:16 - 00:11:00:21
V4, 1
you know, give them video

00:11:00:21 - 00:11:02:03
V4, 1
insight into what we're doing

00:11:02:03 - 00:11:03:17
V4, 1
so that we don't mess it up.

00:11:03:17 - 00:11:05:16
V4, 1
Oh, interesting.

00:11:05:16 - 00:11:08:04
V4, 1
So you've been one of the few astronauts

00:11:08:04 - 00:11:10:03
V4, 1
who've flown aboard,

00:11:10:03 - 00:11:12:06
V4, 1
the Russian Soyuz, the international

00:11:12:06 - 00:11:13:15
V4, 1
or the space shuttle,

00:11:13:15 - 00:11:15:09
V4, 1
and then the SpaceX Crew Dragon.

00:11:15:09 - 00:11:16:07
V4, 1
I probably got this

00:11:16:07 - 00:11:17:05
V4, 1
in the wrong order, but,

00:11:18:07 - 00:11:18:19
V4, 1
it would be really

00:11:18:19 - 00:11:20:09
V4, 1
fascinating just to hear.

00:11:20:09 - 00:11:21:01
V4, 1
I mean,

00:11:21:01 - 00:11:21:18
V4, 1
can you just

00:11:21:18 - 00:11:23:01
V4, 1
talk about the difference

00:11:23:01 - 00:11:25:09
V4, 1
in those three generations of technology

00:11:25:09 - 00:11:26:04
V4, 1
or even from, like,

00:11:26:04 - 00:11:28:20
V4, 1
a human factors perspective?

00:11:28:20 - 00:11:29:06
V4, 1
Because that's

00:11:29:06 - 00:11:30:13
V4, 1
a really unique experience.

00:11:30:13 - 00:11:32:09
V4, 1
Just to hear about those three,

00:11:32:09 - 00:11:33:18
V4, 1
there's three different experiences

00:11:33:18 - 00:11:36:05
V4, 1
and how they've changed over the years.

00:11:36:05 - 00:11:37:06
V4, 1
Yeah, I mean,

00:11:37:06 - 00:11:38:23
V4, 1
I mean, great point at the space shuttle

00:11:38:23 - 00:11:40:05
V4, 1
and the Russian Soyuz.

00:11:40:05 - 00:11:40:22
V4, 1
I mean, in general,

00:11:40:22 - 00:11:42:03
V4, 1
they're just think of them

00:11:42:03 - 00:11:45:00
V4, 1
as 1970s technology, right.

00:11:45:00 - 00:11:46:04
V4, 1
And so SpaceX

00:11:46:04 - 00:11:47:14
V4, 1
Crew Dragon is current

00:11:47:14 - 00:11:50:01
V4, 1
and so literally 50 year gap.

00:11:50:01 - 00:11:52:04
V4, 1
You can imagine the advances. Right.

00:11:52:04 - 00:11:54:07
V4, 1
And just the differences in the way

00:11:54:07 - 00:11:56:06
V4, 1
you would operate a spacecraft.

00:11:56:06 - 00:11:56:16
V4, 1
The space

00:11:56:16 - 00:11:58:11
V4, 1
shuttle, for instance, was

00:11:58:11 - 00:12:01:12
V4, 1
was almost 100% manual, meaning

00:12:02:04 - 00:12:03:13
V4, 1
hundreds and hundreds of switches

00:12:03:13 - 00:12:04:15
V4, 1
around the cockpit

00:12:04:15 - 00:12:05:12
V4, 1
that the crew

00:12:05:12 - 00:12:07:00
V4, 1
had to move and throw

00:12:07:00 - 00:12:09:03
V4, 1
and put in certain positions.

00:12:09:03 - 00:12:10:03
V4, 1
And when emergency happened,

00:12:10:03 - 00:12:10:18
V4, 1
you had to move them

00:12:10:18 - 00:12:12:02
V4, 1
in different positions and,

00:12:12:02 - 00:12:12:17
V4, 1
you know, following the

00:12:12:17 - 00:12:13:19
V4, 1
checklists and things.

00:12:14:21 - 00:12:15:17
V4, 1
You know, fast forward

00:12:15:17 - 00:12:16:10
V4, 1
to today,

00:12:16:10 - 00:12:17:02
V4, 1
Crew Dragon,

00:12:17:02 - 00:12:18:19
V4, 1
everything is touchscreen there.

00:12:18:19 - 00:12:19:07
V4, 1
I don't, you know,

00:12:19:07 - 00:12:19:20
V4, 1
if there's any

00:12:19:20 - 00:12:21:10
V4, 1
I don't remember any switches

00:12:21:10 - 00:12:23:11
V4, 1
necessarily in the cockpit.

00:12:23:11 - 00:12:26:06
V4, 1
There's a few few levers and things, but,

00:12:26:06 - 00:12:27:21
V4, 1
it's all touchscreen the way you fly.

00:12:27:21 - 00:12:29:22
V4, 1
It's touchscreen versus flying it with a,

00:12:29:22 - 00:12:31:22
V4, 1
you know, a joystick,

00:12:31:22 - 00:12:32:19
V4, 1
with the space shuttle

00:12:32:19 - 00:12:33:11
V4, 1
and things like that.

00:12:33:11 - 00:12:35:01
V4, 1
The Russian Soyuz is

00:12:35:01 - 00:12:36:14
V4, 1
a little more set up,

00:12:36:14 - 00:12:37:19
V4, 1
more like the SpaceX

00:12:37:19 - 00:12:38:06
V4, 1
Crew Dragon,

00:12:38:06 - 00:12:39:06
V4, 1
because they're both capsules

00:12:39:06 - 00:12:41:20
V4, 1
versus like a flying spacecraft.

00:12:41:20 - 00:12:42:16
V4, 1
And so, you know, it's

00:12:42:16 - 00:12:43:20
V4, 1
just a small cockpit.

00:12:43:20 - 00:12:44:23
V4, 1
You have displays.

00:12:44:23 - 00:12:45:17
V4, 1
But, that

00:12:45:17 - 00:12:47:00
V4, 1
the commander in the left,

00:12:47:00 - 00:12:48:18
V4, 1
cedar in the Russian Soyuz

00:12:48:18 - 00:12:50:18
V4, 1
send commands to the vehicle like,

00:12:50:18 - 00:12:51:00
V4, 1
they can't

00:12:51:00 - 00:12:52:18
V4, 1
you can't even reach the, the,

00:12:52:18 - 00:12:54:08
V4, 1
the buttons to push in the Soyuz.

00:12:54:08 - 00:12:56:11
V4, 1
So you have this stick that you hold to

00:12:56:11 - 00:12:57:00
V4, 1
to push it,

00:12:57:00 - 00:12:58:14
V4, 1
which is a very interesting way to do it,

00:12:58:14 - 00:13:00:09
V4, 1
but that's the way the Russians do it.

00:13:00:09 - 00:13:02:23
V4, 1
And, the space shuttle was very,

00:13:04:02 - 00:13:05:16
V4, 1
I would say

00:13:05:16 - 00:13:07:10
V4, 1
overengineered, honestly mean

00:13:07:10 - 00:13:08:09
V4, 1
it's an amazing vehicle,

00:13:08:09 - 00:13:10:02
V4, 1
but it's so complicated.

00:13:10:02 - 00:13:12:12
V4, 1
The Russian Soyuz is super simple

00:13:12:12 - 00:13:13:10
V4, 1
in space

00:13:13:10 - 00:13:14:19
V4, 1
is, I would say, just kind of

00:13:14:19 - 00:13:16:22
V4, 1
in the middle, but way more intuitive,

00:13:16:22 - 00:13:18:14
V4, 1
you know, just human factor wise.

00:13:18:14 - 00:13:19:21
V4, 1
It's it all makes sense.

00:13:19:21 - 00:13:21:18
V4, 1
You're kind of in a comfortable seat.

00:13:21:18 - 00:13:22:10
V4, 1
You have the screens

00:13:22:10 - 00:13:23:06
V4, 1
right in front of you,

00:13:23:06 - 00:13:25:10
V4, 1
and you can affect everything,

00:13:25:10 - 00:13:26:11
V4, 1
you know on the touch screen,

00:13:26:11 - 00:13:27:14
V4, 1
which is pretty amazing.

00:13:27:14 - 00:13:28:09
V4, 1
From procedures

00:13:28:09 - 00:13:30:00
V4, 1
to, you know, seeing your,

00:13:30:00 - 00:13:30:11
V4, 1
you know,

00:13:30:11 - 00:13:32:11
V4, 1
situational awareness of where you are

00:13:32:11 - 00:13:33:05
V4, 1
around the earth

00:13:33:05 - 00:13:34:10
V4, 1
and where the space station is

00:13:34:10 - 00:13:35:06
V4, 1
and all that kind of stuff.

00:13:35:06 - 00:13:36:22
V4, 1
So huge advances.

00:13:36:22 - 00:13:38:16
V4, 1
I love them all. Don't get me wrong.

00:13:38:16 - 00:13:39:22
V4, 1
It's just different,

00:13:39:22 - 00:13:40:19
V4, 1
you know, 50 years

00:13:40:19 - 00:13:41:16
V4, 1
different technologies.

00:13:41:16 - 00:13:42:13
V4, 1
You're going to get some

00:13:42:13 - 00:13:43:18
V4, 1
some different advances

00:13:43:18 - 00:13:44:20
V4, 1
and what's going on now.

00:13:46:09 - 00:13:47:08
V4, 1
So as the

00:13:47:08 - 00:13:49:12
V4, 1
technology keeps advancing,

00:13:49:12 - 00:13:51:08
V4, 1
what's what's your opinion on that?

00:13:51:08 - 00:13:53:19
V4, 1
Does that make you feel more confident

00:13:53:19 - 00:13:55:00
V4, 1
as a crew member

00:13:55:00 - 00:13:57:05
V4, 1
or does that kind of

00:13:57:05 - 00:13:58:15
V4, 1
bring up some questions

00:13:58:15 - 00:13:59:11
V4, 1
or concerns about,

00:13:59:11 - 00:14:01:01
V4, 1
like giving up more control

00:14:01:01 - 00:14:03:09
V4, 1
or how do you feel about that?

00:14:03:09 - 00:14:05:07
V4, 1
Well, yeah, I mean, it's

00:14:05:07 - 00:14:06:08
V4, 1
I think you're getting at like,

00:14:06:08 - 00:14:07:14
V4, 1
I mean, who would have thought

00:14:07:14 - 00:14:09:00
V4, 1
as me, as a child,

00:14:09:00 - 00:14:10:03
V4, 1
I mean, thinking that we'd have

00:14:10:03 - 00:14:11:14
V4, 1
self-driving cars now. Right.

00:14:11:14 - 00:14:13:03
V4, 1
And and that's a thing. Right.

00:14:13:03 - 00:14:13:22
V4, 1
And guess what?

00:14:13:22 - 00:14:14:14
V4, 1
They're they're way

00:14:14:14 - 00:14:16:10
V4, 1
better drivers than most of us are.

00:14:16:10 - 00:14:17:01
V4, 1
Probably all of us.

00:14:17:01 - 00:14:18:00
V4, 1
So when it comes down to it.

00:14:18:00 - 00:14:19:04
V4, 1
So, you know,

00:14:19:04 - 00:14:21:19
V4, 1
automated spacecraft are not new.

00:14:21:19 - 00:14:23:05
V4, 1
All the vehicles that I flew on

00:14:23:05 - 00:14:25:12
V4, 1
were automated in a way that

00:14:25:12 - 00:14:27:00
V4, 1
you only really had to take over

00:14:27:00 - 00:14:29:06
V4, 1
manually for a bad situation

00:14:29:06 - 00:14:31:12
V4, 1
or failure that had happened.

00:14:31:12 - 00:14:33:15
V4, 1
And so we've been doing that for a while.

00:14:33:15 - 00:14:34:03
V4, 1
So that's,

00:14:34:03 - 00:14:35:00
V4, 1
you know, I,

00:14:35:00 - 00:14:35:22
V4, 1
I think one thing

00:14:35:22 - 00:14:37:22
V4, 1
I hope we always keep on spacecraft

00:14:37:22 - 00:14:38:17
V4, 1
is that

00:14:38:17 - 00:14:40:07
V4, 1
the ability to take over manually,

00:14:40:07 - 00:14:42:13
V4, 1
if we had to, manual control,

00:14:43:16 - 00:14:45:12
V4, 1
but you know, that may go away one day,

00:14:45:12 - 00:14:46:19
V4, 1
but I just always think

00:14:46:19 - 00:14:48:01
V4, 1
you need that human brain

00:14:48:01 - 00:14:48:21
V4, 1
in the last second

00:14:48:21 - 00:14:51:21
V4, 1
in case something's not quite right.

00:14:51:23 - 00:14:53:09
V4, 1
And I had personal experience

00:14:53:09 - 00:14:55:15
V4, 1
on my last flight with Space-x,

00:14:55:15 - 00:14:56:22
V4, 1
one of the early flights with them,

00:14:56:22 - 00:14:59:03
V4, 1
and we were approaching the space station

00:14:59:03 - 00:15:01:03
V4, 1
where two spacecraft come together

00:15:01:03 - 00:15:02:08
V4, 1
going very, very fast.

00:15:02:08 - 00:15:05:09
V4, 1
Is is a very, intense time.

00:15:05:16 - 00:15:06:22
V4, 1
And we got to about the ten meter

00:15:06:22 - 00:15:08:01
V4, 1
mark was kind of our last

00:15:08:01 - 00:15:09:09
V4, 1
stop where we can

00:15:09:09 - 00:15:11:01
V4, 1
we can put on the brakes and say, stop,

00:15:11:01 - 00:15:11:10
V4, 1
or we're

00:15:11:10 - 00:15:13:01
V4, 1
gonna need to line up a little better,

00:15:13:01 - 00:15:14:17
V4, 1
or we just keep pressing em.

00:15:14:17 - 00:15:16:06
V4, 1
And, but it happened

00:15:16:06 - 00:15:17:15
V4, 1
then was the spotlight,

00:15:17:15 - 00:15:18:04
V4, 1
which

00:15:18:04 - 00:15:19:11
V4, 1
which is supposed to illuminate

00:15:19:11 - 00:15:22:03
V4, 1
the docking target was was not working.

00:15:22:03 - 00:15:25:01
V4, 1
And so I couldn't see the docking target.

00:15:25:01 - 00:15:28:01
V4, 1
And so I, we paused and,

00:15:28:02 - 00:15:29:19
V4, 1
and this is, this is not,

00:15:29:19 - 00:15:30:13
V4, 1
you know, normal.

00:15:30:13 - 00:15:31:10
V4, 1
And everybody in Mission

00:15:31:10 - 00:15:33:16
V4, 1
control is not happy because,

00:15:33:16 - 00:15:34:14
V4, 1
you know, you're supposed to dock

00:15:34:14 - 00:15:35:23
V4, 1
at a certain exact time.

00:15:35:23 - 00:15:38:23
V4, 1
And, but it was the right human call,

00:15:39:13 - 00:15:40:12
V4, 1
because we

00:15:40:12 - 00:15:42:18
V4, 1
as the pilots in the commanders could not

00:15:42:18 - 00:15:43:03
V4, 1
the crew

00:15:43:03 - 00:15:43:23
V4, 1
could not see

00:15:43:23 - 00:15:45:05
V4, 1
what we were supposed to see to be able

00:15:45:05 - 00:15:47:00
V4, 1
to guide this thing in there.

00:15:47:00 - 00:15:48:18
V4, 1
Even that was going to be automated.

00:15:48:18 - 00:15:50:11
V4, 1
We still have to, you know, verify,

00:15:50:11 - 00:15:51:07
V4, 1
hey, we're lined up

00:15:51:07 - 00:15:52:15
V4, 1
or we're not lined up.

00:15:52:15 - 00:15:54:16
V4, 1
And we could do that with the situation,

00:15:54:16 - 00:15:55:20
V4, 1
the lighting situation we had.

00:15:55:20 - 00:15:58:02
V4, 1
So I like having that ability

00:15:58:02 - 00:15:59:20
V4, 1
to, you know, put things on hold

00:15:59:20 - 00:16:01:00
V4, 1
manually if you had to.

00:16:01:00 - 00:16:02:12
V4, 1
And if so, hopefully future vehicles

00:16:02:12 - 00:16:03:16
V4, 1
will do the same.

00:16:03:16 - 00:16:05:05
V4, 1
But, in general,

00:16:05:05 - 00:16:05:15
V4, 1
you know,

00:16:05:15 - 00:16:07:15
V4, 1
technology is so amazing

00:16:07:15 - 00:16:09:08
V4, 1
and it's I can't imagine

00:16:09:08 - 00:16:10:06
V4, 1
what future vehicles

00:16:10:06 - 00:16:10:18
V4, 1
are going to be like.

00:16:10:18 - 00:16:11:18
V4, 1
It's just going to be better.

00:16:16:07 - 00:16:17:13
V4, 1
That's so interesting.

00:16:17:13 - 00:16:18:20
V4, 1
You probably have

00:16:18:20 - 00:16:20:02
V4, 1
a lot of situations like that,

00:16:20:02 - 00:16:20:15
V4, 1
but you're

00:16:20:15 - 00:16:22:08
V4, 1
you're in a really unique situation

00:16:22:08 - 00:16:24:22
V4, 1
because your life depends on systems

00:16:24:22 - 00:16:26:02
V4, 1
that are designed and tested

00:16:26:02 - 00:16:26:16
V4, 1
and operated

00:16:26:16 - 00:16:28:14
V4, 1
by literally thousands of people

00:16:28:14 - 00:16:29:23
V4, 1
who you've never met.

00:16:29:23 - 00:16:32:14
V4, 1
And then you're an engineer

00:16:32:14 - 00:16:34:08
V4, 1
and you're also a human,

00:16:34:08 - 00:16:34:22
V4, 1
so that you know

00:16:34:22 - 00:16:36:13
V4, 1
that people make mistakes,

00:16:36:13 - 00:16:39:13
V4, 1
but you're also the person who

00:16:39:16 - 00:16:42:16
V4, 1
your your life depends on the thing

00:16:42:23 - 00:16:43:12
V4, 1
you. Yeah.

00:16:43:12 - 00:16:44:09
V4, 1
So like you're

00:16:44:09 - 00:16:45:23
V4, 1
you're in this really unique position.

00:16:45:23 - 00:16:47:15
V4, 1
So I mean, how

00:16:47:15 - 00:16:48:08
V4, 1
how do you know

00:16:48:08 - 00:16:50:15
V4, 1
when you've asked enough questions

00:16:50:15 - 00:16:52:02
V4, 1
and how do you know

00:16:52:02 - 00:16:53:13
V4, 1
when to stop analyzing

00:16:53:13 - 00:16:55:00
V4, 1
and just trust the system

00:16:55:00 - 00:16:57:00
V4, 1
or I mean, that's just that's a

00:16:57:00 - 00:16:58:02
V4, 1
that's a lot of judgment

00:16:58:02 - 00:16:59:16
V4, 1
that you have to make in a split second.

00:16:59:16 - 00:17:01:17
V4, 1
I mean, how do you

00:17:01:17 - 00:17:02:11
V4, 1
how do you navigate

00:17:02:11 - 00:17:04:01
V4, 1
through those situations?

00:17:04:01 - 00:17:05:15
V4, 1
That's a lot of pressure.

00:17:05:15 - 00:17:07:00
V4, 1
Really good question. And I think,

00:17:08:02 - 00:17:08:09
V4, 1
the way I

00:17:08:09 - 00:17:09:05
V4, 1
handle it in

00:17:09:05 - 00:17:10:04
V4, 1
spaceflight came

00:17:10:04 - 00:17:11:14
V4, 1
from my military background

00:17:11:14 - 00:17:12:11
V4, 1
and the situations

00:17:12:11 - 00:17:14:22
V4, 1
I was in, you know, through the military

00:17:14:22 - 00:17:16:19
V4, 1
and what I learned back then,

00:17:16:19 - 00:17:17:22
V4, 1
I don't know if somebody talked to me,

00:17:17:22 - 00:17:18:21
V4, 1
if I just kind of picked it up

00:17:18:21 - 00:17:20:14
V4, 1
along the way, but

00:17:20:14 - 00:17:22:19
V4, 1
if I was uncomfortable with,

00:17:22:19 - 00:17:23:16
V4, 1
a piece of equipment

00:17:23:16 - 00:17:24:10
V4, 1
or a weapon system

00:17:24:10 - 00:17:27:05
V4, 1
or whatever it was, then

00:17:27:05 - 00:17:28:20
V4, 1
I wasn't going to put that into use,

00:17:28:20 - 00:17:29:14
V4, 1
or my team wasn't

00:17:29:14 - 00:17:30:09
V4, 1
going to put that in use

00:17:30:09 - 00:17:32:04
V4, 1
until we all understood it,

00:17:32:04 - 00:17:33:14
V4, 1
and we were comfortable with it. Right?

00:17:33:14 - 00:17:34:14
V4, 1
So or,

00:17:34:14 - 00:17:35:22
V4, 1
you know, every little detail about it.

00:17:35:22 - 00:17:37:01
V4, 1
So a lot of the questions were

00:17:37:01 - 00:17:38:16
V4, 1
I would ask and be very curious.

00:17:38:16 - 00:17:40:19
V4, 1
And then once then we'd go train

00:17:40:19 - 00:17:41:09
V4, 1
more with it.

00:17:41:09 - 00:17:43:00
V4, 1
And then once I got me as a leader,

00:17:43:00 - 00:17:43:15
V4, 1
got comfortable

00:17:43:15 - 00:17:45:17
V4, 1
that we were all comfortable with it.

00:17:45:17 - 00:17:47:17
V4, 1
We didn't have any more questions then.

00:17:47:17 - 00:17:49:11
V4, 1
Then we could go actually

00:17:49:11 - 00:17:51:07
V4, 1
put it into a real situation.

00:17:52:06 - 00:17:52:23
V4, 1
I kind of carry that

00:17:52:23 - 00:17:54:05
V4, 1
same thing over to NASA.

00:17:54:05 - 00:17:54:23
V4, 1
There's a lot of

00:17:54:23 - 00:17:56:14
V4, 1
there's a lot of equipment,

00:17:56:14 - 00:17:58:08
V4, 1
you know, spacewalking equipment,

00:17:58:08 - 00:17:59:16
V4, 1
other things that

00:17:59:16 - 00:18:01:08
V4, 1
that are very complicated.

00:18:01:08 - 00:18:02:09
V4, 1
And you got to understand them.

00:18:02:09 - 00:18:04:03
V4, 1
And I would have to often

00:18:04:03 - 00:18:05:12
V4, 1
go get more training

00:18:05:12 - 00:18:06:08
V4, 1
and more training

00:18:06:08 - 00:18:08:02
V4, 1
before I really understood it, before

00:18:08:02 - 00:18:08:20
V4, 1
I'd want to

00:18:08:20 - 00:18:10:08
V4, 1
put myself or a crewmate

00:18:10:08 - 00:18:13:03
V4, 1
in one of these suits, to understand it.

00:18:13:03 - 00:18:14:04
V4, 1
And so,

00:18:14:04 - 00:18:14:14
V4, 1
you know,

00:18:14:14 - 00:18:15:13
V4, 1
and that's that

00:18:15:13 - 00:18:18:13
V4, 1
didn't just apply to equipment.

00:18:18:13 - 00:18:20:10
V4, 1
As we as I mentioned before,

00:18:20:10 - 00:18:21:11
V4, 1
the mission control teams

00:18:21:11 - 00:18:22:08
V4, 1
are going to go through

00:18:22:08 - 00:18:24:04
V4, 1
this training flow with you

00:18:24:04 - 00:18:25:12
V4, 1
and do all these simulations.

00:18:25:12 - 00:18:26:14
V4, 1
And it's

00:18:26:14 - 00:18:27:18
V4, 1
you think it's really training you,

00:18:27:18 - 00:18:29:01
V4, 1
but it's really to train the mission

00:18:29:01 - 00:18:31:04
V4, 1
control team to get them ready to go.

00:18:31:04 - 00:18:32:13
V4, 1
You launch you into space.

00:18:32:13 - 00:18:33:08
V4, 1
And so that's what it's

00:18:33:08 - 00:18:34:23
V4, 1
really designed for.

00:18:34:23 - 00:18:36:12
V4, 1
And being one of the first space X

00:18:36:12 - 00:18:37:10
V4, 1
crews, the Space X

00:18:37:10 - 00:18:39:18
V4, 1
Mission Control team was brand new.

00:18:39:18 - 00:18:40:04
V4, 1
Right.

00:18:40:04 - 00:18:42:00
V4, 1
But, and one of our

00:18:42:00 - 00:18:42:15
V4, 1
it was supposed to be

00:18:42:15 - 00:18:44:11
V4, 1
our final simulation before launch,

00:18:44:11 - 00:18:46:04
V4, 1
maybe a month before launch.

00:18:46:04 - 00:18:47:11
V4, 1
It's usually,

00:18:47:11 - 00:18:49:06
V4, 1
pretty benign day just because,

00:18:49:06 - 00:18:49:11
V4, 1
you know,

00:18:49:11 - 00:18:49:23
V4, 1
you want everybody

00:18:49:23 - 00:18:51:12
V4, 1
to have good feels and good vibes.

00:18:51:12 - 00:18:52:21
V4, 1
But there's the failures

00:18:52:21 - 00:18:53:20
V4, 1
that they threw at us.

00:18:53:20 - 00:18:54:18
V4, 1
The mission control

00:18:54:18 - 00:18:56:09
V4, 1
team didn't handle them the

00:18:56:09 - 00:18:58:03
V4, 1
way we expected them to.

00:18:59:07 - 00:19:01:12
V4, 1
So I literally,

00:19:01:12 - 00:19:02:14
V4, 1
you know, made the decision,

00:19:02:14 - 00:19:03:11
V4, 1
me and my crew and I did,

00:19:03:11 - 00:19:04:08
V4, 1
but I was the commander,

00:19:04:08 - 00:19:05:12
V4, 1
so I was,

00:19:05:12 - 00:19:06:10
V4, 1
one making the decision

00:19:06:10 - 00:19:08:09
V4, 1
that, hey, we've got to do this again.

00:19:08:09 - 00:19:09:02
V4, 1
Which meant,

00:19:09:02 - 00:19:10:02
V4, 1
I guess what I'd launch

00:19:10:02 - 00:19:11:02
V4, 1
is going to get pushed back.

00:19:11:02 - 00:19:11:11
V4, 1
And, you know,

00:19:11:11 - 00:19:14:08
V4, 1
it made big ripples throughout the flow,

00:19:14:08 - 00:19:15:07
V4, 1
but it was absolutely

00:19:15:07 - 00:19:16:21
V4, 1
the right thing to do.

00:19:16:21 - 00:19:18:06
V4, 1
Because of what you mentioned before.

00:19:18:06 - 00:19:20:00
V4, 1
Like, our lives are on the line.

00:19:20:00 - 00:19:20:12
V4, 1
I had to

00:19:20:12 - 00:19:22:05
V4, 1
I had to look my crew in the eye and

00:19:22:05 - 00:19:23:17
V4, 1
and their families in the eye

00:19:23:17 - 00:19:25:07
V4, 1
and say, we're ready to go.

00:19:25:07 - 00:19:26:09
V4, 1
And at that point, we weren't,

00:19:26:09 - 00:19:27:06
V4, 1
because the whole team

00:19:27:06 - 00:19:28:18
V4, 1
wasn't ready to go.

00:19:28:18 - 00:19:30:10
V4, 1
So at some point, as leaders,

00:19:30:10 - 00:19:32:07
V4, 1
you got to make those hard calls.

00:19:32:07 - 00:19:33:15
V4, 1
But when you got lives in your hands

00:19:33:15 - 00:19:34:16
V4, 1
and you got injury

00:19:34:16 - 00:19:36:00
V4, 1
or kind of death on the table

00:19:36:00 - 00:19:37:06
V4, 1
when you go to work,

00:19:37:06 - 00:19:38:09
V4, 1
then you got to think differently

00:19:38:09 - 00:19:39:05
V4, 1
and you got to,

00:19:39:05 - 00:19:39:12
V4, 1
you know,

00:19:39:12 - 00:19:40:17
V4, 1
make sure you're protecting those

00:19:40:17 - 00:19:43:01
V4, 1
that you're with and their loved ones.

00:19:43:01 - 00:19:44:22
V4, 1
Yeah, absolutely.

00:19:44:22 - 00:19:46:22
V4, 1
Well, you mentioned the Army.

00:19:46:22 - 00:19:47:16
V4, 1
Part of your journey

00:19:47:16 - 00:19:50:02
V4, 1
is that you came from West Point.

00:19:50:02 - 00:19:53:06
V4, 1
And, so the Army actually has produced

00:19:53:06 - 00:19:54:15
V4, 1
far fewer astronauts

00:19:54:15 - 00:19:55:09
V4, 1
than, like, the,

00:19:55:09 - 00:19:57:00
V4, 1
the Air Force in the Navy.

00:19:57:00 - 00:19:58:15
V4, 1
But that's another thing

00:19:58:15 - 00:20:00:16
V4, 1
that kind of makes your journey,

00:20:00:16 - 00:20:01:10
V4, 1
really unique.

00:20:01:10 - 00:20:03:12
V4, 1
So as somebody who has represented

00:20:03:12 - 00:20:04:22
V4, 1
the Army at NASA,

00:20:04:22 - 00:20:06:12
V4, 1
what does that mean to you personally?

00:20:08:06 - 00:20:09:12
V4, 1
Super honored and blessed.

00:20:09:12 - 00:20:10:14
V4, 1
I mean, there's like

00:20:10:14 - 00:20:11:22
V4, 1
you said, there's certainly,

00:20:11:22 - 00:20:12:19
V4, 1
not as many army

00:20:12:19 - 00:20:15:00
V4, 1
as other other services, but,

00:20:15:00 - 00:20:16:19
V4, 1
the ones that were had gone before

00:20:16:19 - 00:20:18:13
V4, 1
me were always heroes of mine.

00:20:18:13 - 00:20:19:17
V4, 1
And,

00:20:19:17 - 00:20:20:16
V4, 1
and so when I got a chance

00:20:20:16 - 00:20:23:00
V4, 1
to kind of be part of that group,

00:20:23:00 - 00:20:25:01
V4, 1
just kind of taken on their legacy

00:20:25:01 - 00:20:26:19
V4, 1
was was super important to me.

00:20:26:19 - 00:20:27:23
V4, 1
And wanting to perform

00:20:27:23 - 00:20:28:22
V4, 1
at the highest level was, The Army

00:20:28:22 - 00:20:30:15
V4, 1
people in general down there

00:20:30:15 - 00:20:32:20
V4, 1
do extremely well.

00:20:32:20 - 00:20:34:10
V4, 1
Because I don't know.

00:20:34:10 - 00:20:34:17
V4, 1
I mean,

00:20:34:17 - 00:20:36:13
V4, 1
I think it's just because of our problem

00:20:36:13 - 00:20:37:10
V4, 1
solving mindsets.

00:20:37:10 - 00:20:38:15
V4, 1
We're used to working in

00:20:38:15 - 00:20:39:16
V4, 1
austere environments.

00:20:39:16 - 00:20:40:20
V4, 1
It doesn't bother us that,

00:20:40:20 - 00:20:41:01
V4, 1
you know,

00:20:41:01 - 00:20:42:07
V4, 1
get a shower for six months,

00:20:42:07 - 00:20:44:05
V4, 1
you know, in the space age

00:20:44:05 - 00:20:45:16
V4, 1
and things like that.

00:20:45:16 - 00:20:47:14
V4, 1
We just kind of a natural fit

00:20:47:14 - 00:20:49:01
V4, 1
for that kind of stuff where,

00:20:49:01 - 00:20:49:18
V4, 1
you know, other people

00:20:49:18 - 00:20:50:14
V4, 1
have different strengths.

00:20:50:14 - 00:20:51:16
V4, 1
And believe me, we're not.

00:20:51:16 - 00:20:52:12
V4, 1
We don't get it all right

00:20:52:12 - 00:20:54:09
V4, 1

00:20:54:09 - 00:20:55:21
V4, 1
with different types of people.

00:20:55:21 - 00:20:57:06
V4, 1
Some engineers, scientists,

00:20:57:06 - 00:20:58:11
V4, 1
military people,

00:20:58:11 - 00:20:59:13
V4, 1
because everybody brings

00:20:59:13 - 00:21:00:23
V4, 1
something to the table,

00:21:00:23 - 00:21:01:23
V4, 1
and we get to capitalize

00:21:01:23 - 00:21:03:10
V4, 1
on all those strengths

00:21:03:10 - 00:21:05:04
V4, 1
when you're on a crew of seven,

00:21:05:04 - 00:21:06:01
V4, 1
which is a normal crew

00:21:06:01 - 00:21:07:02
V4, 1
size on the space station.

00:21:08:01 - 00:21:08:18
V4, 1
Yeah.

00:21:08:18 - 00:21:09:17
V4, 1
I wanted to step back in

00:21:09:17 - 00:21:10:10
V4, 1
because we were talking

00:21:10:10 - 00:21:12:05
V4, 1
about leadership, but

00:21:12:05 - 00:21:13:19
V4, 1
because you've held leadership positions

00:21:13:19 - 00:21:14:12
V4, 1
in so many different

00:21:14:12 - 00:21:17:23
V4, 1
environments, Army and space space crews,

00:21:18:08 - 00:21:19:21
V4, 1
you also are a father.

00:21:19:21 - 00:21:22:07
V4, 1
So you've had leadership positions

00:21:22:07 - 00:21:24:04
V4, 1
in a lot of different environments.

00:21:24:04 - 00:21:25:10
V4, 1
So how does your

00:21:25:10 - 00:21:26:19
V4, 1
understanding of leadership,

00:21:26:19 - 00:21:29:03
V4, 1
how has it evolved over across

00:21:29:03 - 00:21:31:16
V4, 1
all of those roles? And,

00:21:31:16 - 00:21:32:21
V4, 1
what has translated

00:21:32:21 - 00:21:34:04
V4, 1
what has not translated?

00:21:34:04 - 00:21:35:03
V4, 1
What have you had to learn?

00:21:35:03 - 00:21:35:19
V4, 1
What have you had

00:21:35:19 - 00:21:38:19
V4, 1
to unlearn across those different roles?

00:21:38:21 - 00:21:41:09
V4, 1
Yeah, I think there are all those roles.

00:21:41:09 - 00:21:44:09
V4, 1
I realize early on that you can't leave

00:21:45:03 - 00:21:48:03
V4, 1
the same way to every everybody,

00:21:48:05 - 00:21:49:15
V4, 1
like everybody, all my kids.

00:21:49:15 - 00:21:50:22
V4, 1
I have to lead them all differently

00:21:50:22 - 00:21:52:17
V4, 1
because they're different people.

00:21:52:17 - 00:21:54:08
V4, 1
Everybody in my army units,

00:21:54:08 - 00:21:55:23
V4, 1
we're different individuals.

00:21:55:23 - 00:21:57:22
V4, 1
Even though we try to kind of cookie

00:21:57:22 - 00:21:59:06
V4, 1
cutter things in the military, like,

00:21:59:06 - 00:22:00:07
V4, 1
you just got to do this,

00:22:00:07 - 00:22:01:20
V4, 1
and that's not the way I look.

00:22:01:20 - 00:22:02:20
V4, 1
I learned early on that

00:22:02:20 - 00:22:04:05
V4, 1
is not the way to do it. So,

00:22:05:10 - 00:22:07:12
V4, 1
you know, having,

00:22:07:12 - 00:22:08:00
V4, 1
you know,

00:22:08:00 - 00:22:08:10
V4, 1
you know, my

00:22:08:10 - 00:22:10:05
V4, 1
obviously my leadership style grew over

00:22:10:05 - 00:22:12:00
V4, 1
and I got better and better at it, but

00:22:12:00 - 00:22:13:11
V4, 1
but when it came down to it really is

00:22:13:11 - 00:22:15:03
V4, 1
you got to invest in people.

00:22:15:03 - 00:22:16:17
V4, 1
That's what I've learned.

00:22:16:17 - 00:22:17:10
V4, 1
You got to have

00:22:17:10 - 00:22:18:11
V4, 1
you got to get, you know,

00:22:18:11 - 00:22:20:09
V4, 1
make sure they think,

00:22:20:09 - 00:22:22:08
V4, 1
that you actually add value.

00:22:22:08 - 00:22:22:16
V4, 1
But hey,

00:22:22:16 - 00:22:23:16
V4, 1
you as an individual

00:22:23:16 - 00:22:25:21
V4, 1
add value to our team,

00:22:25:21 - 00:22:26:23
V4, 1
whether you're private,

00:22:26:23 - 00:22:28:07
V4, 1
whether you're a major,

00:22:28:07 - 00:22:29:22
V4, 1
it doesn't matter your rank.

00:22:29:22 - 00:22:31:01
V4, 1
Like,

00:22:31:01 - 00:22:31:13
V4, 1
you got to,

00:22:31:13 - 00:22:32:11
V4, 1
you know, as a leader,

00:22:32:11 - 00:22:33:03
V4, 1
you got to know them.

00:22:33:03 - 00:22:33:20
V4, 1
You got to invest in them.

00:22:33:20 - 00:22:34:12
V4, 1
You got to know when they're

00:22:34:12 - 00:22:35:13
V4, 1
little off every day.

00:22:35:13 - 00:22:36:07
V4, 1
You got to know when they didn't

00:22:36:07 - 00:22:37:16
V4, 1
get a lot of sleep.

00:22:37:16 - 00:22:38:19
V4, 1
Especially if they're doing something

00:22:38:19 - 00:22:40:02
V4, 1
extremely dangerous that day

00:22:40:02 - 00:22:41:17
V4, 1
with whatever it is. And so,

00:22:43:09 - 00:22:44:19
V4, 1
that transfer completely over

00:22:44:19 - 00:22:46:10
V4, 1
to spaceflight, where I'm

00:22:46:10 - 00:22:48:01
V4, 1
running now, an international crew

00:22:48:01 - 00:22:48:15
V4, 1
with people

00:22:48:15 - 00:22:49:19
V4, 1
from extremely different

00:22:49:19 - 00:22:52:04
V4, 1
backgrounds, different cultures.

00:22:52:04 - 00:22:53:19
V4, 1
But if I made that

00:22:53:19 - 00:22:55:10
V4, 1
personal investment in them

00:22:55:10 - 00:22:56:22
V4, 1
and you do that

00:22:56:22 - 00:22:57:19
V4, 1
not in space,

00:22:57:19 - 00:22:58:21
V4, 1
you do that in your year

00:22:58:21 - 00:23:00:18
V4, 1
or two of training with them beforehand.

00:23:00:18 - 00:23:02:19
V4, 1
Right? That's where I found out.

00:23:02:19 - 00:23:04:15
V4, 1
That's really where you make your money

00:23:04:15 - 00:23:05:22
V4, 1
and you get them to trust you,

00:23:05:22 - 00:23:08:14
V4, 1
and they and you trust them and,

00:23:08:14 - 00:23:09:08
V4, 1
and you just get to know

00:23:09:08 - 00:23:10:02
V4, 1
them as a human

00:23:10:02 - 00:23:12:10
V4, 1
more than an astronaut or whatever,

00:23:12:10 - 00:23:13:19
V4, 1
you know, fill in the blank.

00:23:13:19 - 00:23:15:08
V4, 1
So knowing them as a human,

00:23:15:08 - 00:23:15:21
V4, 1
giving them,

00:23:15:21 - 00:23:17:14
V4, 1
making sure they understand

00:23:17:14 - 00:23:19:21
V4, 1
they are valuable to you,

00:23:19:21 - 00:23:22:19
V4, 1
and investing in them just goes,

00:23:22:19 - 00:23:25:01
V4, 1
you know, a long way,

00:23:25:01 - 00:23:26:22
V4, 1
whether whether that's in space

00:23:26:22 - 00:23:29:03
V4, 1
or leading my family or,

00:23:29:03 - 00:23:30:19
V4, 1
you know, in the Army. Yeah.

00:23:32:07 - 00:23:32:21
V4, 1
I want to talk

00:23:32:21 - 00:23:34:02
V4, 1
about kind of NASA,

00:23:34:02 - 00:23:37:11
V4, 1
just as an organization as a whole, NASA

00:23:37:20 - 00:23:39:03
V4, 1
is an organization

00:23:39:03 - 00:23:42:03
V4, 1
that famously studies its failures.

00:23:42:03 - 00:23:43:17
V4, 1
They rigorously look at the mistakes

00:23:43:17 - 00:23:45:04
V4, 1
that have been made in the past

00:23:45:04 - 00:23:47:09
V4, 1
and learn from those mistakes.

00:23:47:09 - 00:23:49:07
V4, 1
Is there something that you think

00:23:49:07 - 00:23:50:13
V4, 1
NASA understands

00:23:50:13 - 00:23:53:13
V4, 1
about failures and learning from failures

00:23:53:13 - 00:23:55:07
V4, 1
that maybe other organizations

00:23:55:07 - 00:23:57:21
V4, 1
and maybe other leaders don't?

00:23:57:21 - 00:23:58:19
V4, 1
Well, there's a lot there.

00:23:58:19 - 00:23:59:14
V4, 1
Let me see

00:23:59:14 - 00:24:02:01
V4, 1
if I can keep this somewhat short.

00:24:02:01 - 00:24:03:08
V4, 1
But, so yeah,

00:24:03:08 - 00:24:04:09
V4, 1
NASA obviously has had

00:24:04:09 - 00:24:06:07
V4, 1
some major failures as everybody,

00:24:06:07 - 00:24:07:14
V4, 1
they're very public, obviously.

00:24:07:14 - 00:24:10:02
V4, 1
And, and after those kind of things,

00:24:10:02 - 00:24:11:11
V4, 1
NASA does incredible,

00:24:11:11 - 00:24:13:10
V4, 1
you know, investigations and debriefs.

00:24:13:10 - 00:24:14:17
V4, 1
And we try to learn

00:24:14:17 - 00:24:15:18
V4, 1
everything we can from those.

00:24:15:18 - 00:24:16:10
V4, 1
And we have, we've

00:24:16:10 - 00:24:17:08
V4, 1
we've definitely improved

00:24:17:08 - 00:24:18:07
V4, 1
all our vehicles after

00:24:18:07 - 00:24:19:17
V4, 1
those in the processes.

00:24:21:01 - 00:24:24:01
V4, 1
And some leadership as well after those.

00:24:24:02 - 00:24:25:09
V4, 1
What I saw at NASA though

00:24:25:09 - 00:24:27:02
V4, 1
is what they the way they try to,

00:24:27:02 - 00:24:28:04
V4, 1
I would say mitigate

00:24:28:04 - 00:24:29:22
V4, 1
a lot of risk is by building

00:24:29:22 - 00:24:32:03
V4, 1
in fault tolerance,

00:24:32:03 - 00:24:34:03
V4, 1
redundancy, another way to think of that.

00:24:34:03 - 00:24:37:12
V4, 1
And so, you know, if something has zero

00:24:37:12 - 00:24:39:16
V4, 1
fault tolerance, that means if it fails,

00:24:39:16 - 00:24:40:20
V4, 1
you have no backup.

00:24:40:20 - 00:24:42:09
V4, 1
Okay, single fault tolerance.

00:24:42:09 - 00:24:43:04
V4, 1
And,

00:24:43:04 - 00:24:44:06
V4, 1
you know, something fails

00:24:44:06 - 00:24:45:03
V4, 1
and you have a backup,

00:24:45:03 - 00:24:47:02
V4, 1
or you have another way to get to

00:24:47:02 - 00:24:48:19
V4, 1
you know, but you have another,

00:24:48:19 - 00:24:49:22
V4, 1
you know, electrical path to get

00:24:49:22 - 00:24:51:19
V4, 1
get to it. So and so on.

00:24:51:19 - 00:24:54:15
V4, 1
So generally with human spaceflight,

00:24:54:15 - 00:24:55:21
V4, 1
when there's a human involved,

00:24:55:21 - 00:24:57:01
V4, 1
most critical things

00:24:57:01 - 00:24:58:03
V4, 1
have you know,

00:24:58:03 - 00:25:00:06
V4, 1
at least dual fault tolerance,

00:25:00:06 - 00:25:01:21
V4, 1
to give you a couple backups.

00:25:02:22 - 00:25:05:10
V4, 1
And that's the way NASA kind of,

00:25:05:10 - 00:25:07:21
V4, 1
I've learned really kind of builds in

00:25:07:21 - 00:25:10:21
V4, 1
and manages some of the risk,

00:25:11:05 - 00:25:12:07
V4, 1
in a different company now.

00:25:12:07 - 00:25:14:01
V4, 1
And it's a similar concept,

00:25:14:01 - 00:25:15:08
V4, 1
but the way we think about it

00:25:15:08 - 00:25:17:10
V4, 1
is you building capacity

00:25:17:10 - 00:25:18:16
V4, 1
like software

00:25:18:16 - 00:25:19:11
V4, 1
or hardware,

00:25:19:11 - 00:25:21:05
V4, 1
humans are we're all going to fail

00:25:21:05 - 00:25:22:15
V4, 1
at some point.

00:25:22:15 - 00:25:23:16
V4, 1
And so

00:25:23:16 - 00:25:26:16
V4, 1
in a, in an extremely risky environment,

00:25:27:06 - 00:25:27:22
V4, 1
if something,

00:25:27:22 - 00:25:29:09
V4, 1
if any of those things fails,

00:25:29:09 - 00:25:30:13
V4, 1
do you have enough capacity

00:25:30:13 - 00:25:32:06
V4, 1
built into your system

00:25:32:06 - 00:25:33:14
V4, 1
where nobody's going to get hurt,

00:25:33:14 - 00:25:35:07
V4, 1
nobody's going to die?

00:25:35:07 - 00:25:37:01
V4, 1
No way. Life is going to be changed.

00:25:37:01 - 00:25:38:06
V4, 1
It's kind of the way we think of it.

00:25:38:06 - 00:25:40:20
V4, 1
So, yeah.

00:25:40:20 - 00:25:41:22
V4, 1
So that's,

00:25:41:22 - 00:25:43:10
V4, 1
so NASA, I think is good at that.

00:25:43:10 - 00:25:43:22
V4, 1
I mean, they,

00:25:43:22 - 00:25:44:14
V4, 1
they have done,

00:25:44:14 - 00:25:44:22
V4, 1
you know,

00:25:44:22 - 00:25:45:23
V4, 1
obviously the big,

00:25:45:23 - 00:25:47:16
V4, 1
the big major,

00:25:47:16 - 00:25:50:06
V4, 1
failures we've had were terrible,

00:25:50:06 - 00:25:51:21
V4, 1
but we learned from them.

00:25:51:21 - 00:25:52:11
V4, 1
The problem

00:25:52:11 - 00:25:53:23
V4, 1
that we and most,

00:25:53:23 - 00:25:56:08
V4, 1
most organizations have is,

00:25:56:08 - 00:25:57:09
V4, 1
is complacency, right?

00:25:57:09 - 00:25:59:14
V4, 1
You just cannot get complacent,

00:25:59:14 - 00:26:00:20
V4, 1
in high risk environments.

00:26:00:20 - 00:26:02:01
V4, 1
And so we,

00:26:02:01 - 00:26:03:05
V4, 1
we learn that sometimes

00:26:03:05 - 00:26:05:09
V4, 1
we learn it and then forget it later on.

00:26:05:09 - 00:26:06:18
V4, 1
That's again, that's human nature.

00:26:06:18 - 00:26:07:12
V4, 1
You need leaders

00:26:07:12 - 00:26:08:09
V4, 1
that are going to continue

00:26:08:09 - 00:26:10:02
V4, 1
to drive that message home

00:26:10:02 - 00:26:11:12
V4, 1
in any high risk environment.

00:26:11:12 - 00:26:13:16
V4, 1
And so hopefully leaders out there,

00:26:14:23 - 00:26:15:14
V4, 1
will do that.

00:26:15:14 - 00:26:15:23
V4, 1
One thing

00:26:15:23 - 00:26:16:22
V4, 1
I notice at NASA,

00:26:16:22 - 00:26:18:05
V4, 1
like every Monday morning,

00:26:18:05 - 00:26:20:14
V4, 1
we have an astronaut, office meeting.

00:26:20:14 - 00:26:21:07
V4, 1
It's kind of this

00:26:21:07 - 00:26:22:17
V4, 1
just get the week going.

00:26:22:17 - 00:26:23:09
V4, 1
All the astronauts

00:26:23:09 - 00:26:24:20
V4, 1
are there to support, staff are there.

00:26:24:20 - 00:26:25:17
V4, 1
And the first thing we do

00:26:25:17 - 00:26:27:00
V4, 1
is we talk safety.

00:26:27:00 - 00:26:28:07
V4, 1
And in that first part

00:26:28:07 - 00:26:29:17
V4, 1
of the safety meeting,

00:26:29:17 - 00:26:30:13
V4, 1
everybody,

00:26:30:13 - 00:26:32:07
V4, 1
the people that have messed up

00:26:32:07 - 00:26:35:02
V4, 1
the week prior in flying our T-38

00:26:35:02 - 00:26:36:10
V4, 1
jets, which are,

00:26:36:10 - 00:26:38:10
V4, 1
you know, they're amazing,

00:26:38:10 - 00:26:39:09
V4, 1
fun things to fly,

00:26:39:09 - 00:26:40:06
V4, 1
but they're very dangerous

00:26:40:06 - 00:26:41:16
V4, 1
and they're high performance,

00:26:41:16 - 00:26:43:06
V4, 1
you know, fast moving

00:26:43:06 - 00:26:45:18
V4, 1
and all these experience

00:26:45:18 - 00:26:46:22
V4, 1
test pilots that we have

00:26:46:22 - 00:26:48:15
V4, 1
in the astronaut Office.

00:26:48:15 - 00:26:49:02
V4, 1
Guess what?

00:26:49:02 - 00:26:50:01
V4, 1
They make mistakes too

00:26:50:01 - 00:26:51:22
V4, 1
because we're humans.

00:26:51:22 - 00:26:52:10
V4, 1
And so

00:26:52:10 - 00:26:54:21
V4, 1
they literally get up and self-confessed

00:26:54:21 - 00:26:55:14
V4, 1
like, hey,

00:26:55:14 - 00:26:57:19
V4, 1
this is what I did in that culture.

00:26:57:19 - 00:26:59:08
V4, 1
I'd never seen before. In the Army

00:26:59:08 - 00:27:00:07
V4, 1
we didn't have that culture.

00:27:00:07 - 00:27:01:06
V4, 1
But apparently in the Navy,

00:27:01:06 - 00:27:01:20
V4, 1
in the marine,

00:27:01:20 - 00:27:03:03
V4, 1
the fighter pilot community,

00:27:03:03 - 00:27:04:13
V4, 1
they had this culture

00:27:04:13 - 00:27:06:05
V4, 1
and they brought that to NASA.

00:27:06:05 - 00:27:08:16
V4, 1
And it's amazing because,

00:27:08:16 - 00:27:08:22
V4, 1
I mean,

00:27:08:22 - 00:27:10:07
V4, 1
if just as I'm sitting there

00:27:10:07 - 00:27:10:17
V4, 1
thinking, wow,

00:27:10:17 - 00:27:12:13
V4, 1
if that person who's super accomplished

00:27:12:13 - 00:27:13:13
V4, 1
can make a mistake,

00:27:14:14 - 00:27:16:03
V4, 1
that seems so simple, then

00:27:16:03 - 00:27:17:01
V4, 1
certainly I can.

00:27:17:01 - 00:27:18:02
V4, 1
And certainly everybody else can.

00:27:18:02 - 00:27:18:17
V4, 1
And that's

00:27:18:17 - 00:27:19:07
V4, 1
that's the reason

00:27:19:07 - 00:27:19:20
V4, 1
they share it

00:27:19:20 - 00:27:20:22
V4, 1
so that

00:27:20:22 - 00:27:23:19
V4, 1
others don't make that same mistake or

00:27:23:19 - 00:27:25:09
V4, 1
hey, I really got complacent here

00:27:25:09 - 00:27:26:04
V4, 1
because I've been doing this

00:27:26:04 - 00:27:27:16
V4, 1
a thousand times.

00:27:27:16 - 00:27:29:02
V4, 1
And but this time it got me

00:27:29:02 - 00:27:30:04
V4, 1
because I didn't

00:27:30:04 - 00:27:31:10
V4, 1
think about this or whatever.

00:27:31:10 - 00:27:33:05
V4, 1
So,

00:27:33:05 - 00:27:33:18
V4, 1
that's just something

00:27:33:18 - 00:27:35:04
V4, 1
I think we can all learn from.

00:27:35:04 - 00:27:37:10
V4, 1
And it's a cool culture that,

00:27:37:10 - 00:27:38:08
V4, 1
that I've carried on

00:27:38:08 - 00:27:39:18
V4, 1
since I've left to like,

00:27:39:18 - 00:27:41:06
V4, 1
you know, have meetings to self admit

00:27:41:06 - 00:27:43:04
V4, 1
when when things are going wrong

00:27:43:04 - 00:27:45:02
V4, 1
and take responsibility for your actions.

00:27:45:02 - 00:27:45:23
V4, 1
And so

00:27:45:23 - 00:27:46:20
V4, 1
I think NASA has done

00:27:46:20 - 00:27:47:12
V4, 1
a good job with that.

00:27:47:12 - 00:27:48:16
V4, 1
And I saw it in practice

00:27:48:16 - 00:27:50:14
V4, 1
there in the astronauts. Yeah.

00:27:50:14 - 00:27:52:09
V4, 1
Yeah. That's amazing.

00:27:52:09 - 00:27:53:18
V4, 1
I also heard you say that

00:27:54:18 - 00:27:56:14
V4, 1
that you rehearse

00:27:56:14 - 00:27:57:19
V4, 1
like, as for,

00:27:57:19 - 00:27:59:11
V4, 1
spacewalks when you did spacewalks,

00:27:59:11 - 00:28:00:10
V4, 1
you would rehearse

00:28:00:10 - 00:28:02:22
V4, 1
the first ten minutes of spacewalks

00:28:02:22 - 00:28:03:16
V4, 1
over and over

00:28:03:16 - 00:28:04:15
V4, 1
because you thought that

00:28:04:15 - 00:28:05:10
V4, 1
the first ten minutes

00:28:05:10 - 00:28:06:23
V4, 1
would determine how the rest of, like,

00:28:06:23 - 00:28:09:16
V4, 1
the several hour operation went.

00:28:09:16 - 00:28:12:09
V4, 1
So, why are those first few minutes

00:28:12:09 - 00:28:13:08
V4, 1
so important?

00:28:13:08 - 00:28:14:19
V4, 1
And do you think that something

00:28:14:19 - 00:28:16:01
V4, 1
that applies to other really high

00:28:16:01 - 00:28:17:01
V4, 1
pressure situations

00:28:17:01 - 00:28:17:19
V4, 1
that, like the first

00:28:17:19 - 00:28:20:13
V4, 1
ten minutes would shape how the rest,

00:28:20:13 - 00:28:23:13
V4, 1
the rest of the way that things would go?

00:28:24:05 - 00:28:25:12
V4, 1
Yeah, that's that's a great point.

00:28:25:12 - 00:28:27:09
V4, 1
So the first ten minutes of a spacewalk,

00:28:27:09 - 00:28:28:14
V4, 1
if you think about it,

00:28:28:14 - 00:28:30:08
V4, 1
you're really just it

00:28:30:08 - 00:28:31:08
V4, 1
it takes about ten minutes

00:28:31:08 - 00:28:33:21
V4, 1
for you and your buddy to come outside,

00:28:33:21 - 00:28:35:18
V4, 1
get your tethers hooked up

00:28:35:18 - 00:28:37:10
V4, 1
to a safety check,

00:28:37:10 - 00:28:39:04
V4, 1
and then that's about ten minutes.

00:28:39:04 - 00:28:40:08
V4, 1
Right.

00:28:40:08 - 00:28:41:16
V4, 1
At the task you're doing.

00:28:41:16 - 00:28:44:07
V4, 1
And those ten minutes are very basic.

00:28:44:07 - 00:28:46:21
V4, 1
The environment you're in is not right.

00:28:46:21 - 00:28:48:16
V4, 1
And so that can apply to many other

00:28:48:16 - 00:28:49:22
V4, 1
high risk environments. Right.

00:28:51:01 - 00:28:52:09
V4, 1
We usually go out for six and

00:28:52:09 - 00:28:53:16
V4, 1
a half, seven hours at a time.

00:28:53:16 - 00:28:55:20
V4, 1
And so those first ten minutes,

00:28:55:20 - 00:28:57:05
V4, 1
if you've messed that up,

00:28:57:05 - 00:28:58:18
V4, 1
like if you come out and,

00:28:58:18 - 00:28:59:16
V4, 1
and it happens often

00:28:59:16 - 00:29:01:20
V4, 1
because people are nervous and you know,

00:29:01:20 - 00:29:02:07
V4, 1
and your,

00:29:02:07 - 00:29:03:07
V4, 1
your tether gets wrapped

00:29:03:07 - 00:29:04:20
V4, 1
around your leg or,

00:29:04:20 - 00:29:05:04
V4, 1
you know,

00:29:05:04 - 00:29:05:19
V4, 1
you don't hook up

00:29:05:19 - 00:29:07:06
V4, 1
your safety tether correctly.

00:29:07:06 - 00:29:07:22
V4, 1
I mean, it's

00:29:07:22 - 00:29:08:11
V4, 1
and you're getting

00:29:08:11 - 00:29:09:18
V4, 1
corrected by mesh control.

00:29:09:18 - 00:29:10:18
V4, 1
I mean, those are just things

00:29:10:18 - 00:29:12:17
V4, 1
that just weigh on you because like,

00:29:12:17 - 00:29:13:06
V4, 1
oh my gosh,

00:29:13:06 - 00:29:14:14
V4, 1
this is the simplest thing

00:29:14:14 - 00:29:16:03
V4, 1
I had to do today.

00:29:16:03 - 00:29:17:23
V4, 1
And I didn't do it right.

00:29:17:23 - 00:29:21:06
V4, 1
So my take on that is and I that's why

00:29:21:10 - 00:29:23:03
V4, 1
my crews, when I took them out,

00:29:23:03 - 00:29:25:01
V4, 1
we rehearsed that so many times.

00:29:25:01 - 00:29:27:04
V4, 1
Just the basics of getting out

00:29:27:04 - 00:29:28:19
V4, 1
and you can't simulate it.

00:29:28:19 - 00:29:30:06
V4, 1
And so it's not like,

00:29:30:06 - 00:29:31:10
V4, 1
oh, let's simulate it,

00:29:31:10 - 00:29:32:14
V4, 1
you know, inside

00:29:32:14 - 00:29:33:09
V4, 1
because you're not going to

00:29:33:09 - 00:29:34:01
V4, 1
be in the space,

00:29:34:01 - 00:29:34:12
V4, 1
so you're not going to

00:29:34:12 - 00:29:35:04
V4, 1
have all the stuff on.

00:29:35:04 - 00:29:37:03
V4, 1
So it's just really talking through it,

00:29:37:03 - 00:29:37:20
V4, 1
rehearsing it.

00:29:38:23 - 00:29:39:10
V4, 1
And then

00:29:39:10 - 00:29:40:08
V4, 1
you actually have to do it

00:29:40:08 - 00:29:41:11
V4, 1
with all this other equipment

00:29:41:11 - 00:29:42:18
V4, 1
that you haven't had to do it before.

00:29:42:18 - 00:29:43:17
V4, 1
So

00:29:43:17 - 00:29:44:20
V4, 1
it's never exactly

00:29:44:20 - 00:29:45:18
V4, 1
like you want it to go.

00:29:45:18 - 00:29:46:11
V4, 1
But, again,

00:29:46:11 - 00:29:48:08
V4, 1
if those can go pretty smoothly,

00:29:48:08 - 00:29:48:21
V4, 1
you get out.

00:29:48:21 - 00:29:50:05
V4, 1
I would, I would in my case,

00:29:50:05 - 00:29:51:18
V4, 1
I would hook up my safety tether

00:29:51:18 - 00:29:53:02
V4, 1
and my buddy safety tether.

00:29:53:02 - 00:29:54:07
V4, 1
So I knew they were all good to go.

00:29:54:07 - 00:29:55:10
V4, 1
That was simple.

00:29:55:10 - 00:29:56:11
V4, 1
And then all they had to do

00:29:56:11 - 00:29:58:07
V4, 1
was come out and, you know,

00:29:58:07 - 00:29:59:07
V4, 1
hopefully not get tangled

00:29:59:07 - 00:30:00:20
V4, 1
in the safety tethers and,

00:30:00:20 - 00:30:02:02
V4, 1
and then do our safety checks

00:30:02:02 - 00:30:03:23
V4, 1
and then get going.

00:30:03:23 - 00:30:04:21
V4, 1
There's several other,

00:30:04:21 - 00:30:05:18
V4, 1
I think environments

00:30:05:18 - 00:30:07:08
V4, 1
where this is useful.

00:30:07:08 - 00:30:08:22
V4, 1
Like, I mean, I've heard of,

00:30:08:22 - 00:30:10:03
V4, 1
you know, college

00:30:10:03 - 00:30:11:10
V4, 1
and pro football teams, right?

00:30:11:10 - 00:30:12:10
V4, 1
They come out

00:30:12:10 - 00:30:13:03
V4, 1
a lot of times

00:30:13:03 - 00:30:14:12
V4, 1
their first time they have the ball,

00:30:14:12 - 00:30:16:22
V4, 1
they have like ten scripted plays,

00:30:16:22 - 00:30:17:15
V4, 1
like they're

00:30:17:15 - 00:30:18:23
V4, 1
they've been practicing all week.

00:30:18:23 - 00:30:20:02
V4, 1
That's just what they're going to do.

00:30:20:02 - 00:30:21:23
V4, 1
Doesn't matter what the defense does.

00:30:21:23 - 00:30:24:02
V4, 1
But after that you have to adapt, right?

00:30:24:02 - 00:30:25:15
V4, 1
I mean, the game changes.

00:30:25:15 - 00:30:27:02
V4, 1
The defense changes.

00:30:27:02 - 00:30:29:04
V4, 1
You maybe fumbled or thrown interception.

00:30:29:04 - 00:30:29:19
V4, 1
Now you're behind.

00:30:29:19 - 00:30:32:03
V4, 1
And so everything changes in that point

00:30:32:03 - 00:30:33:21
V4, 1
in the military.

00:30:33:21 - 00:30:34:16
V4, 1
Very similar.

00:30:34:16 - 00:30:35:12
V4, 1
Like you rehearse,

00:30:35:12 - 00:30:36:16
V4, 1
you rehearse and rehearse

00:30:36:16 - 00:30:39:00
V4, 1
going into like an objective

00:30:39:00 - 00:30:41:08
V4, 1
or going across enemy lines.

00:30:41:08 - 00:30:42:02
V4, 1
But as soon as that

00:30:42:02 - 00:30:43:22
V4, 1
first bullet starts flying,

00:30:43:22 - 00:30:45:04
V4, 1
game changes, right?

00:30:45:04 - 00:30:45:20
V4, 1
But if you get the

00:30:45:20 - 00:30:47:09
V4, 1
all those other things,

00:30:47:09 - 00:30:47:15
V4, 1
you know,

00:30:47:15 - 00:30:50:09
V4, 1
simple things, I'll call you correct.

00:30:50:09 - 00:30:52:02
V4, 1
It just sets you up for success.

00:30:52:02 - 00:30:53:19
V4, 1
And then you can adapt,

00:30:53:19 - 00:30:55:04
V4, 1
and have contingency procedures

00:30:55:04 - 00:30:56:03
V4, 1
for all the things that may

00:30:56:03 - 00:30:57:04
V4, 1
happen throughout the day.

00:30:58:07 - 00:31:00:16
V4, 1
Yeah, it's a great point.

00:31:00:16 - 00:31:02:08
V4, 1
You were talking a little bit about.

00:31:02:08 - 00:31:03:14
V4, 1
I was surprised to hear that

00:31:03:14 - 00:31:05:10
V4, 1
you can't simulate that.

00:31:05:10 - 00:31:06:13
V4, 1
Like when you first go

00:31:06:13 - 00:31:07:17
V4, 1
out on the spacewalk.

00:31:07:17 - 00:31:08:16
V4, 1
That was really simple.

00:31:08:16 - 00:31:10:19
V4, 1
That surprises me.

00:31:10:19 - 00:31:12:18
V4, 1
That's kind of terrifying.

00:31:12:18 - 00:31:13:20
V4, 1
I can’t open the hatch and say,

00:31:13:20 - 00:31:14:14
V4, 1
hey, we're just going to try

00:31:14:14 - 00:31:15:10
V4, 1
a few of these today

00:31:15:10 - 00:31:17:07
V4, 1
and be ready for tomorrow.

00:31:17:07 - 00:31:19:07
V4, 1
Wow. Yeah. They can't do that.

00:31:19:07 - 00:31:20:10
V4, 1
Wow. Okay.

00:31:20:10 - 00:31:21:03
V4, 1
Because I was

00:31:21:03 - 00:31:23:01
V4, 1
I was thinking that like because

00:31:23:01 - 00:31:25:17
V4, 1
I imagined that NASA, you could

00:31:25:17 - 00:31:28:01
V4, 1
simulate pretty much any kind of training

00:31:28:01 - 00:31:28:20
V4, 1
like you could

00:31:28:20 - 00:31:30:10
V4, 1
simulate all kinds of equipment

00:31:30:10 - 00:31:31:07
V4, 1
failures and like,

00:31:31:07 - 00:31:32:15
V4, 1
emergency

00:31:32:15 - 00:31:35:07
V4, 1
scenarios and technical procedures.

00:31:35:07 - 00:31:36:02
V4, 1
That's what I was thinking.

00:31:36:02 - 00:31:36:08
V4, 1
Like,

00:31:36:08 - 00:31:37:16
V4, 1
you could pretty much simulate anything,

00:31:37:16 - 00:31:38:16
V4, 1
but I was surprised,

00:31:38:16 - 00:31:40:16
V4, 1
like, you can't simulate that really.

00:31:40:16 - 00:31:42:05
V4, 1
But the other thing that you really can't

00:31:42:05 - 00:31:43:17
V4, 1
simulate is like,

00:31:43:17 - 00:31:46:11
V4, 1
human behavior and human emotion,

00:31:46:11 - 00:31:47:16
V4, 1
and you probably like,

00:31:47:16 - 00:31:48:02
V4, 1
you know,

00:31:48:02 - 00:31:50:11
V4, 1
that you're going to probably be nervous.

00:31:50:11 - 00:31:51:18
V4, 1
You're probably going to feel

00:31:51:18 - 00:31:53:03
V4, 1
fear at some point.

00:31:53:03 - 00:31:54:13
V4, 1
But I was curious,

00:31:54:13 - 00:31:56:06
V4, 1
was there ever something

00:31:56:06 - 00:31:58:04
V4, 1
that you were surprised

00:31:58:04 - 00:31:59:20
V4, 1
to feel up there, like,

00:31:59:20 - 00:32:00:09
V4, 1
you know, you were

00:32:00:09 - 00:32:01:11
V4, 1
you were probably expecting

00:32:01:11 - 00:32:03:03
V4, 1
to feel a whole array of emotions,

00:32:03:03 - 00:32:04:17
V4, 1
but like, was there anything up there

00:32:04:17 - 00:32:07:06
V4, 1
that that you were surprised

00:32:07:06 - 00:32:08:14
V4, 1
about feeling?

00:32:08:14 - 00:32:09:00
V4, 1
Yeah.

00:32:09:00 - 00:32:10:12
V4, 1
Let me go back a little bit on that.

00:32:10:12 - 00:32:12:15
V4, 1
So we do have this incredible pool

00:32:12:15 - 00:32:15:02
V4, 1
that we train spacewalking in okay.

00:32:15:02 - 00:32:15:23
V4, 1
And so we have a hatch.

00:32:15:23 - 00:32:16:20
V4, 1
You can kind of that's

00:32:16:20 - 00:32:19:07
V4, 1
so we do have that to train and practice.

00:32:19:07 - 00:32:19:19
V4, 1
But guess what.

00:32:19:19 - 00:32:21:09
V4, 1
That pool still has gravity

00:32:21:09 - 00:32:23:21
V4, 1
and so has like water drag and stuff.

00:32:23:21 - 00:32:26:11
V4, 1
And so it's just not the same. Right.

00:32:26:11 - 00:32:27:14
V4, 1
And so when

00:32:27:14 - 00:32:28:20
V4, 1
we practice it over and over

00:32:28:20 - 00:32:29:16
V4, 1
and over in the pool.

00:32:29:16 - 00:32:30:12
V4, 1
So I don't want you to think

00:32:30:12 - 00:32:32:01
V4, 1
we don't have anything to practice on but

00:32:32:01 - 00:32:32:22
V4, 1
oh okay.

00:32:32:22 - 00:32:35:06
V4, 1
That's is not the real thing. Right.

00:32:35:06 - 00:32:36:04
V4, 1
So when you come out

00:32:36:04 - 00:32:37:07
V4, 1
and there's nothing on you,

00:32:37:07 - 00:32:38:12
V4, 1
like things are floating around

00:32:38:12 - 00:32:39:22
V4, 1
differently than they do in the pool.

00:32:39:22 - 00:32:40:03
V4, 1
Right.

00:32:40:03 - 00:32:41:07
V4, 1
And so that's

00:32:41:07 - 00:32:42:03
V4, 1
why it's

00:32:42:03 - 00:32:43:15
V4, 1
you just haven't really ever done

00:32:43:15 - 00:32:45:04
V4, 1
that until you do it for real.

00:32:45:04 - 00:32:47:04
V4, 1
Oh wow. Yeah.

00:32:47:04 - 00:32:48:01
V4, 1
All right.

00:32:48:01 - 00:32:50:11
V4, 1
So back to your other question.

00:32:50:11 - 00:32:51:06
V4, 1
Just please remind me

00:32:51:06 - 00:32:53:11
V4, 1
what you just said cuz I already forgot.

00:32:53:11 - 00:32:55:12
V4, 1
Oh, I was just wondering, like, the

00:32:55:12 - 00:32:56:18
V4, 1
the thing that you

00:32:56:18 - 00:32:59:10
V4, 1
that you really can never simulate is,

00:32:59:10 - 00:33:01:10
V4, 1
like, human emotion or like,

00:33:01:10 - 00:33:02:04
V4, 1
the way that you're going

00:33:02:04 - 00:33:03:06
V4, 1
to react to something.

00:33:03:06 - 00:33:04:07
V4, 1
So was there ever

00:33:04:07 - 00:33:06:00
V4, 1
something that you were surprised

00:33:06:00 - 00:33:06:23
V4, 1
to feel up there,

00:33:06:23 - 00:33:08:19
V4, 1
or you were surprised that you reacted

00:33:08:19 - 00:33:09:23
V4, 1
a certain way up there?

00:33:11:11 - 00:33:13:05
V4, 1
I'm I'm pretty even keel and

00:33:13:05 - 00:33:13:23
V4, 1
always have been.

00:33:13:23 - 00:33:14:19
V4, 1
And I think that's

00:33:14:19 - 00:33:15:22
V4, 1
that's served me

00:33:15:22 - 00:33:18:18
V4, 1
well throughout some of my previous jobs

00:33:18:18 - 00:33:19:15
V4, 1
and current job.

00:33:19:15 - 00:33:20:19
V4, 1
But, I would say

00:33:20:19 - 00:33:23:01
V4, 1
one thing emotionally that got me up

00:33:23:01 - 00:33:24:15
V4, 1
there was one of the last days

00:33:24:15 - 00:33:25:16
V4, 1
we were on the space station.

00:33:25:16 - 00:33:26:13
V4, 1
We've been out there

00:33:26:13 - 00:33:28:16
V4, 1
almost 200 days at this point.

00:33:28:16 - 00:33:30:00
V4, 1
And, this,

00:33:30:00 - 00:33:32:10
V4, 1
this kind of naturally happened.

00:33:32:10 - 00:33:33:10
V4, 1
We didn't plan on this.

00:33:33:10 - 00:33:34:14
V4, 1
Like, a lot of times,

00:33:34:14 - 00:33:35:00
V4, 1
oh, if you know,

00:33:35:00 - 00:33:36:06
V4, 1
an aurora is going to come by.

00:33:36:06 - 00:33:36:16
V4, 1
Well, hey,

00:33:36:16 - 00:33:38:02
V4, 1
the whole crew will kind of get around

00:33:38:02 - 00:33:39:00
V4, 1
or get some cameras

00:33:39:00 - 00:33:41:04
V4, 1
and take some pictures and,

00:33:41:04 - 00:33:41:23
V4, 1
but we

00:33:41:23 - 00:33:43:15
V4, 1
it was kind of nighttime with the lights

00:33:43:15 - 00:33:44:22
V4, 1
were all out

00:33:44:22 - 00:33:45:17
V4, 1
and all of our crew

00:33:45:17 - 00:33:47:13
V4, 1
just kind of migrated to the cupola,

00:33:47:13 - 00:33:49:22
V4, 1
which is this, module with all windows.

00:33:49:22 - 00:33:51:08
V4, 1
It looks at Earth all the time.

00:33:52:09 - 00:33:54:08
V4, 1
And so, you know, we're all heads down.

00:33:54:08 - 00:33:55:04
V4, 1
And if you want to think of it

00:33:55:04 - 00:33:56:14
V4, 1
that way, there's no up or down space.

00:33:56:14 - 00:33:57:23
V4, 1
But, you know,

00:33:57:23 - 00:33:59:01
V4, 1
we're all we all kind of

00:33:59:01 - 00:34:01:07
V4, 1
just migrated in there, all seven of us.

00:34:01:07 - 00:34:02:20
V4, 1
And the only fits about three, right?

00:34:02:20 - 00:34:04:08
V4, 1
Because all seven of us are in there,

00:34:04:08 - 00:34:06:04
V4, 1
really close to each other.

00:34:06:04 - 00:34:08:18
V4, 1
And, we just look out and there's

00:34:08:18 - 00:34:11:13
V4, 1
just the most magnificent Aurora,

00:34:11:13 - 00:34:13:23
V4, 1
going on stars everywhere, of course.

00:34:13:23 - 00:34:16:05
V4, 1
And so normally, again,

00:34:16:05 - 00:34:17:23
V4, 1
we would grab a camera,

00:34:17:23 - 00:34:19:10
V4, 1
get video, all this,

00:34:19:10 - 00:34:20:19
V4, 1
but nobody did anything.

00:34:20:19 - 00:34:23:19
V4, 1
We all just soaked in that moment.

00:34:29:11 - 00:34:30:07
V4, 1
For our

00:34:30:07 - 00:34:31:22
V4, 1
the four of us on my crew,

00:34:31:22 - 00:34:34:06
V4, 1
we realize it was probably the last time

00:34:34:06 - 00:34:35:23
V4, 1
we'd see something like this.

00:34:35:23 - 00:34:36:23
V4, 1
And it just again, it

00:34:36:23 - 00:34:38:09
V4, 1
it was just an organic moment.

00:34:39:13 - 00:34:40:03
V4, 1
It was

00:34:40:03 - 00:34:42:11
V4, 1
it was emotional for all of us,

00:34:42:11 - 00:34:43:14
V4, 1
in different ways.

00:34:43:14 - 00:34:46:14
V4, 1
But, it was just really cool to,

00:34:46:22 - 00:34:47:06
V4, 1
you know,

00:34:47:06 - 00:34:48:00
V4, 1
there were

00:34:48:00 - 00:34:51:00
V4, 1
Japanese, French, Russians and Americans

00:34:51:07 - 00:34:51:23
V4, 1
in that cupala

00:34:51:23 - 00:34:52:13
V4, 1
together,

00:34:52:13 - 00:34:55:07
V4, 1
just all appreciating this incredible,

00:34:55:07 - 00:34:57:09
V4, 1
you know, view that we had. Yeah.

00:34:57:09 - 00:34:58:09
V4, 1
And seeing our, of course,

00:34:58:09 - 00:34:59:14
V4, 1
seeing our, our planet.

00:34:59:14 - 00:35:01:19
V4, 1
They were about to come home to was

00:35:01:19 - 00:35:02:04
V4, 1
For me,

00:35:02:04 - 00:35:04:14
V4, 1
that was probably the most emotional,

00:35:04:14 - 00:35:06:07
V4, 1
thing that we certainly we did as a crew.

00:35:06:07 - 00:35:07:10
V4, 1
It's pretty amazing.

00:35:07:10 - 00:35:07:17
V4, 1
Yeah.

00:35:07:17 - 00:35:10:17
V4, 1
That's beautiful.

00:35:13:20 - 00:35:15:02
V4, 1
With all of the training

00:35:15:02 - 00:35:16:15
V4, 1
and the education

00:35:16:15 - 00:35:17:22
V4, 1
that you have on your resume,

00:35:17:22 - 00:35:18:13
V4, 1
I just wondering,

00:35:18:13 - 00:35:20:16
V4, 1
is there anything

00:35:20:16 - 00:35:23:20
V4, 1
that's not on your resume that helped

00:35:23:20 - 00:35:26:20
V4, 1
prepare you for becoming an astronaut?

00:35:27:21 - 00:35:30:05
V4, 1
Well, I mean, growing up as a kid,

00:35:30:05 - 00:35:31:20
V4, 1
I grew up a little different than most

00:35:31:20 - 00:35:32:09
V4, 1
in that my

00:35:32:09 - 00:35:33:15
V4, 1
I mean, my dad was in the military,

00:35:33:15 - 00:35:35:02
V4, 1
so we moved around all the time.

00:35:35:02 - 00:35:36:12
V4, 1
I grew up in Germany as a kid.

00:35:36:12 - 00:35:38:05
V4, 1
That was unique.

00:35:38:05 - 00:35:39:10
V4, 1
But, you know, I,

00:35:39:10 - 00:35:40:09
V4, 1
I love the kind of

00:35:40:09 - 00:35:41:12
V4, 1
moving every couple of years

00:35:41:12 - 00:35:43:12
V4, 1
that's really hard on a lot of families.

00:35:43:12 - 00:35:45:15
V4, 1
I know it's it's challenging and

00:35:45:15 - 00:35:47:17
V4, 1
but for me, it just

00:35:47:17 - 00:35:49:02
V4, 1
it taught me to be able

00:35:49:02 - 00:35:50:02
V4, 1
to adapt to different

00:35:50:02 - 00:35:50:22
V4, 1
environments, right?

00:35:50:22 - 00:35:52:01
V4, 1
Different situations,

00:35:52:01 - 00:35:52:17
V4, 1
get new friend

00:35:52:17 - 00:35:56:00
V4, 1
groups, all that stuff honestly pays off.

00:35:56:13 - 00:35:57:22
V4, 1
Being an astronaut, really

00:35:57:22 - 00:35:59:06
V4, 1
what you're going to be with this group

00:35:59:06 - 00:36:00:23
V4, 1
from all, all over the world.

00:36:00:23 - 00:36:03:07
V4, 1
And even if they're all Americans,

00:36:03:07 - 00:36:04:07
V4, 1
they're all from very different

00:36:04:07 - 00:36:06:12
V4, 1
backgrounds, and experiences.

00:36:06:12 - 00:36:08:22
V4, 1
And so I think just my childhood

00:36:08:22 - 00:36:10:17
V4, 1
growing up really set me

00:36:10:17 - 00:36:12:04
V4, 1
up for something like this.

00:36:13:07 - 00:36:14:01
V4, 1
The Army as well.

00:36:14:01 - 00:36:14:16
V4, 1
Right.

00:36:14:16 - 00:36:16:10
V4, 1
That that was kind of a no brainer

00:36:16:10 - 00:36:18:06
V4, 1
there to, to fit right into that mold

00:36:18:06 - 00:36:19:17
V4, 1
since I grew up in it,

00:36:19:17 - 00:36:21:10
V4, 1
but, yeah, the space world

00:36:21:10 - 00:36:23:11
V4, 1
and just being able to be on a team

00:36:23:11 - 00:36:24:18
V4, 1
and be able to adapt

00:36:24:18 - 00:36:27:05
V4, 1
and then lead when you're a leader

00:36:27:05 - 00:36:28:14
V4, 1
and and be a good follower

00:36:28:14 - 00:36:29:08
V4, 1
when when you're in

00:36:29:08 - 00:36:30:09
V4, 1
somebody else, the leader,

00:36:30:09 - 00:36:31:17
V4, 1
all that kind of stuff

00:36:31:17 - 00:36:32:21
V4, 1
I kind of grew up on.

00:36:32:21 - 00:36:34:02
V4, 1
And so it was pretty natural

00:36:34:02 - 00:36:35:09
V4, 1
for me to to fit into that.

00:36:35:09 - 00:36:36:05
V4, 1
So it certainly helped me

00:36:36:05 - 00:36:38:22
V4, 1
be a better astronaut.

00:36:38:22 - 00:36:39:15
V4, 1
There were funny things

00:36:39:15 - 00:36:41:00
V4, 1
I had to learn about being an astronaut.

00:36:41:00 - 00:36:41:13
V4, 1
Don't get me wrong,

00:36:41:13 - 00:36:42:07
V4, 1
I didn't know everything

00:36:42:07 - 00:36:42:20
V4, 1
when I got there,

00:36:42:20 - 00:36:45:16
V4, 1
but I think those kind of intangibles,

00:36:45:16 - 00:36:47:23
V4, 1
growing up the way I got to grow up

00:36:47:23 - 00:36:49:16
V4, 1
really helped me outside of the formal

00:36:49:16 - 00:36:51:18
V4, 1
training and education.

00:36:51:18 - 00:36:52:18
V4, 1
Yeah, it sounds like it.

00:36:54:02 - 00:36:56:22
V4, 1
We asked a while ago,

00:36:56:22 - 00:36:59:13
V4, 1
we asked some of our, members

00:36:59:13 - 00:37:02:13
V4, 1
to send us some questions for you.

00:37:02:21 - 00:37:04:09
V4, 1
Okay. All right.

00:37:04:09 - 00:37:05:14
V4, 1
You can answer them if you want.

00:37:05:14 - 00:37:06:15
V4, 1
If you don't want to answer them,

00:37:06:15 - 00:37:08:20
V4, 1
I'll just. I'll just cut those out.

00:37:08:20 - 00:37:11:09
V4, 1
I'll just edit that out later.

00:37:11:09 - 00:37:14:11
V4, 1
Can humans go to Mars and return safely

00:37:14:11 - 00:37:15:18
V4, 1
with today's technology?

00:37:15:18 - 00:37:18:18
V4, 1
And if not, how close are we?

00:37:19:08 - 00:37:20:11
V4, 1
I'm not the expert on that,

00:37:20:11 - 00:37:21:13
V4, 1
but I'll give you my opinion.

00:37:21:13 - 00:37:23:17
V4, 1
How about that? Yeah.

00:37:23:17 - 00:37:25:18
V4, 1
With current technology, we.

00:37:25:18 - 00:37:28:04
V4, 1
I don't think we can do it.

00:37:28:04 - 00:37:29:08
V4, 1
With current technology, we just.

00:37:29:08 - 00:37:31:02
V4, 1
We can't get there fast enough.

00:37:31:02 - 00:37:33:05
V4, 1
The trips, 6 or 9 months each way.

00:37:33:05 - 00:37:34:14
V4, 1
That's,

00:37:34:14 - 00:37:35:21
V4, 1
we don't have a spacecraft

00:37:35:21 - 00:37:37:18
V4, 1
that's big enough. That can.

00:37:37:18 - 00:37:39:05
V4, 1
That can bring all the stuff you

00:37:39:05 - 00:37:40:15
V4, 1
need with current technology.

00:37:42:00 - 00:37:42:17
V4, 1
We also don't

00:37:42:17 - 00:37:42:21
V4, 1
have a

00:37:42:21 - 00:37:44:04
V4, 1
spacecraft that can withstand

00:37:44:04 - 00:37:46:04
V4, 1
the radiation environment.

00:37:46:04 - 00:37:48:01
V4, 1
For a human to get there and back.

00:37:48:01 - 00:37:49:05
V4, 1
And so

00:37:49:05 - 00:37:50:08
V4, 1
there's a lot of obstacles

00:37:50:08 - 00:37:51:23
V4, 1
that we have to overcome.

00:37:51:23 - 00:37:52:08
V4, 1
As you know,

00:37:52:08 - 00:37:56:01
V4, 1
NASA and Elon and others are are

00:37:56:16 - 00:37:59:04
V4, 1
that's the mission is to get to Mars,

00:37:59:04 - 00:38:01:07
V4, 1
moon’s kind of the next decade

00:38:01:07 - 00:38:02:03
V4, 1
and hopefully Mars will be

00:38:02:03 - 00:38:04:12
V4, 1
the decade after that, if we're lucky.

00:38:04:12 - 00:38:05:21
V4, 1
But there's a lot of,

00:38:05:21 - 00:38:07:13
V4, 1
I think, technologies

00:38:07:13 - 00:38:08:13
V4, 1
that have to be developed

00:38:08:13 - 00:38:09:20
V4, 1
for us to get a human

00:38:09:20 - 00:38:11:18
V4, 1
there and home safely

00:38:11:18 - 00:38:12:17
V4, 1
that we don't have currently.

00:38:12:17 - 00:38:14:04
V4, 1
So I think, you know, different

00:38:14:04 - 00:38:15:03
V4, 1
propulsion techniques,

00:38:15:03 - 00:38:16:17
V4, 1
whether that's nuclear or,

00:38:16:17 - 00:38:17:22
V4, 1
for other, other types.

00:38:17:22 - 00:38:18:10
V4, 1
There's just got to be

00:38:18:10 - 00:38:20:03
V4, 1
some breakthrough here in the next decade

00:38:20:03 - 00:38:22:02
V4, 1
or so to allow us to,

00:38:22:02 - 00:38:24:05
V4, 1
to make that trip much shorter.

00:38:24:05 - 00:38:25:17
V4, 1
And then we got other factors

00:38:25:17 - 00:38:26:01
V4, 1
to deal

00:38:26:01 - 00:38:27:01
V4, 1
with, with the radiation

00:38:27:01 - 00:38:28:06
V4, 1
and other things that

00:38:28:06 - 00:38:29:21
V4, 1
that a lot of smart grad students,

00:38:29:21 - 00:38:31:17
V4, 1
I hope right now are working on it

00:38:31:17 - 00:38:33:03
V4, 1
so we can make it happen.

00:38:33:03 - 00:38:34:07
V4, 1
I'm sure they are. Yeah.

00:38:35:07 - 00:38:36:05
V4, 1
Well, the next question

00:38:36:05 - 00:38:37:05
V4, 1
is kind of about the moon.

00:38:37:05 - 00:38:41:01
V4, 1
So how can non astronauts visit the moon?

00:38:43:07 - 00:38:44:09
V4, 1
I mean first we got a

00:38:44:09 - 00:38:45:18
V4, 1
I mean, the challenge here

00:38:45:18 - 00:38:47:01
V4, 1
in the next few years

00:38:47:01 - 00:38:48:06
V4, 1
really is to get back to the moon

00:38:48:06 - 00:38:50:06
V4, 1
and start building a lunar base

00:38:50:06 - 00:38:51:23
V4, 1
where we actually live on the moon,

00:38:51:23 - 00:38:53:14
V4, 1
which has never been done before.

00:38:53:14 - 00:38:54:16
V4, 1
So we will learn a ton

00:38:54:16 - 00:38:57:09
V4, 1
in the next handful of years doing that,

00:38:57:09 - 00:39:00:03
V4, 1
if that gets to be, you know,

00:39:00:03 - 00:39:00:21
V4, 1
incredibly,

00:39:00:21 - 00:39:01:03
V4, 1
I would

00:39:01:03 - 00:39:01:19
V4, 1
say safe

00:39:01:19 - 00:39:04:19
V4, 1
and built out and developed, then

00:39:04:21 - 00:39:05:11
V4, 1
I would hope

00:39:05:11 - 00:39:06:22
V4, 1
that we'd be taking people up there

00:39:06:22 - 00:39:08:00
V4, 1
for the weekend

00:39:08:00 - 00:39:11:00
V4, 1
for a weekend trip or a little vacation.

00:39:11:04 - 00:39:12:22
V4, 1
The vehicle that we'll go to the moon,

00:39:12:22 - 00:39:13:04
V4, 1
at least

00:39:13:04 - 00:39:15:17
V4, 1
currently is, SpaceX Starship,

00:39:15:17 - 00:39:17:08
V4, 1
which is a very large vehicle.

00:39:17:08 - 00:39:18:15
V4, 1
They can hold a lot of people

00:39:18:15 - 00:39:20:06
V4, 1
like 50 passengers or something.

00:39:20:06 - 00:39:21:07
V4, 1
And so,

00:39:21:07 - 00:39:21:13
V4, 1
you know,

00:39:21:13 - 00:39:23:14
V4, 1
the opportunity for seats are there,

00:39:23:14 - 00:39:24:16
V4, 1
I think.

00:39:24:16 - 00:39:25:15
V4, 1
But we just got to get

00:39:25:15 - 00:39:26:16
V4, 1
to get everything developed.

00:39:26:16 - 00:39:27:08
V4, 1
And yeah,

00:39:27:08 - 00:39:29:09
V4, 1
you know, as safe as it can be for,

00:39:29:09 - 00:39:30:13
V4, 1
you know, civilian,

00:39:30:13 - 00:39:31:10
V4, 1
to go do something like that.

00:39:32:11 - 00:39:32:16
V4, 1
So the

00:39:32:16 - 00:39:34:09
V4, 1
next question is a little bit,

00:39:34:09 - 00:39:35:20
V4, 1
kind of career driven.

00:39:35:20 - 00:39:38:08
V4, 1
So for students maybe

00:39:38:08 - 00:39:39:15
V4, 1
who are listening right now,

00:39:39:15 - 00:39:41:20
V4, 1
they're interested in,

00:39:41:20 - 00:39:43:14
V4, 1
going into the aerospace field

00:39:43:14 - 00:39:44:20
V4, 1
or maybe any kind of

00:39:44:20 - 00:39:46:20
V4, 1
challenging engineering field.

00:39:46:20 - 00:39:49:14
V4, 1
What experiences outside of the classroom

00:39:49:14 - 00:39:53:04
V4, 1
do you think would prepare them the best?

00:39:54:20 - 00:39:56:10
V4, 1
I think if they're high school

00:39:56:10 - 00:39:57:10
V4, 1
or college age,

00:39:57:10 - 00:39:59:13
V4, 1
then internships like in their in

00:39:59:13 - 00:40:02:03
V4, 1
the summers are would be huge.

00:40:02:03 - 00:40:03:11
V4, 1
There's so many

00:40:03:11 - 00:40:04:05
V4, 1
I mean the

00:40:04:05 - 00:40:05:11
V4, 1
the aerospace industry

00:40:05:11 - 00:40:07:20
V4, 1
and the space industry now are

00:40:07:20 - 00:40:08:19
V4, 1
pretty hot. Right?

00:40:08:19 - 00:40:10:07
V4, 1
So there's a lot of opportunity

00:40:10:07 - 00:40:13:01
V4, 1
out there with all these space companies,

00:40:13:01 - 00:40:15:14
V4, 1
to go do an incredible internship

00:40:15:14 - 00:40:16:12
V4, 1
and learn,

00:40:16:12 - 00:40:19:12
V4, 1
you know, during those formative years,

00:40:19:17 - 00:40:20:20
V4, 1
really,

00:40:20:20 - 00:40:22:05
V4, 1
whether you like it or not, for one.

00:40:22:05 - 00:40:23:09
V4, 1
But if you do, then

00:40:23:09 - 00:40:24:16
V4, 1
you can really get your foot in the door

00:40:24:16 - 00:40:26:09
V4, 1
with these companies by being an intern.

00:40:26:09 - 00:40:26:23
V4, 1
Right?

00:40:26:23 - 00:40:28:04
V4, 1
And then generally,

00:40:28:04 - 00:40:29:17
V4, 1
if you do a great job and you like it,

00:40:29:17 - 00:40:30:07
V4, 1
they're going to offer you

00:40:30:07 - 00:40:31:23
V4, 1
a job on the other end.

00:40:31:23 - 00:40:32:14
V4, 1
And then you'll

00:40:32:14 - 00:40:33:13
V4, 1
you'll kind of be set

00:40:33:13 - 00:40:35:23
V4, 1
so that those opportunities are great.

00:40:35:23 - 00:40:37:07
V4, 1
you know,

00:40:38:11 - 00:40:39:05
V4, 1
try to build

00:40:39:05 - 00:40:42:05
V4, 1
contacts in those industries as well.

00:40:42:13 - 00:40:44:18
V4, 1
As much as you can go visit, go,

00:40:44:18 - 00:40:45:06
V4, 1
you know, show

00:40:45:06 - 00:40:47:17
V4, 1
interest by, you know,

00:40:47:17 - 00:40:49:02
V4, 1
talking to other people, people

00:40:49:02 - 00:40:50:03
V4, 1
that work at those companies

00:40:50:03 - 00:40:52:07
V4, 1
and, or neighbors and things like that.

00:40:52:07 - 00:40:53:01
V4, 1
So they can kind of

00:40:53:01 - 00:40:54:18
V4, 1
help direct you in those ways.

00:40:54:18 - 00:40:56:17
V4, 1
But I think,

00:40:56:17 - 00:40:58:01
V4, 1
I mean, there's so much opportunity

00:40:58:01 - 00:40:59:01
V4, 1
the next decade,

00:40:59:01 - 00:41:00:14
V4, 1
two decades, really for,

00:41:00:14 - 00:41:02:04
V4, 1
for the 20 somethings

00:41:02:04 - 00:41:02:16
V4, 1
and the 30

00:41:02:16 - 00:41:04:04
V4, 1
somethings to really have

00:41:04:04 - 00:41:06:02
V4, 1
an amazing career in this field.

00:41:06:02 - 00:41:06:20
V4, 1
If that's something

00:41:06:20 - 00:41:07:22
V4, 1
that they, they want to do

00:41:07:22 - 00:41:09:19
V4, 1
and that they love.

00:41:09:19 - 00:41:10:04
V4, 1
Yeah.

00:41:10:04 - 00:41:11:21
V4, 1
That's great advice.

00:41:11:21 - 00:41:14:03
V4, 1
As artificial intelligence becomes

00:41:14:03 - 00:41:15:10
V4, 1
more capable,

00:41:15:10 - 00:41:16:04
V4, 1
what skills

00:41:16:04 - 00:41:19:04
V4, 1
do you think engineers should focus on

00:41:19:04 - 00:41:21:16
V4, 1
developing that machines

00:41:21:16 - 00:41:24:16
V4, 1
will have the hardest time replacing.

00:41:25:04 - 00:41:27:07
V4, 1
Oh gosh, that's a tough one.

00:41:29:15 - 00:41:30:14
V4, 1
I'm trying to think like

00:41:30:14 - 00:41:32:01
V4, 1
through a normal flight

00:41:32:01 - 00:41:32:22
V4, 1
in space

00:41:32:22 - 00:41:34:12
V4, 1
where most things are automated already.

00:41:34:12 - 00:41:37:12
V4, 1
So that's. Yeah.

00:41:37:12 - 00:41:40:02
V4, 1
Spacewalking currently is obviously

00:41:40:02 - 00:41:41:04
V4, 1
all manual.

00:41:41:04 - 00:41:42:23
V4, 1
There are some robotic elements

00:41:42:23 - 00:41:44:09
V4, 1
to what we do now.

00:41:44:09 - 00:41:45:19
V4, 1
I think when we go to the surface

00:41:45:19 - 00:41:46:20
V4, 1
of the moon again, though,

00:41:46:20 - 00:41:49:08
V4, 1
robotics will be a much bigger player.

00:41:49:08 - 00:41:51:05
V4, 1
And I, of course, will be part of that.

00:41:51:05 - 00:41:52:19
V4, 1
And probably,

00:41:52:19 - 00:41:52:22
V4, 1
you know,

00:41:52:22 - 00:41:53:06
V4, 1
I don't think

00:41:53:06 - 00:41:55:04
V4, 1
they'll be able to do everything.

00:41:55:04 - 00:41:55:23
V4, 1
But could you

00:41:55:23 - 00:41:57:01
V4, 1
still going to get the human brain

00:41:57:01 - 00:41:59:16
V4, 1
at least to figure things out initially.

00:41:59:16 - 00:42:00:21
V4, 1
But I think there will be, you

00:42:00:21 - 00:42:03:21
V4, 1
know, engineering wise, you know, got

00:42:03:23 - 00:42:06:08
V4, 1
diving into the robot side of things

00:42:06:08 - 00:42:08:04
V4, 1
on the lunar surface for the next,

00:42:08:04 - 00:42:09:03
V4, 1
you know, handful of years

00:42:09:03 - 00:42:10:02
V4, 1
and probably be

00:42:10:02 - 00:42:10:22
V4, 1
an important piece

00:42:10:22 - 00:42:11:22
V4, 1
that we need to figure out.

00:42:11:22 - 00:42:12:22
V4, 1
So we need a lot of smart

00:42:12:22 - 00:42:14:08
V4, 1
people doing that

00:42:14:08 - 00:42:16:04
V4, 1
and, helping us, helping us do that

00:42:16:04 - 00:42:17:20
V4, 1
so that we do it correctly,

00:42:17:20 - 00:42:18:19
V4, 1
and then take advantage

00:42:18:19 - 00:42:20:14
V4, 1
really of both systems, right?

00:42:20:14 - 00:42:22:22
V4, 1
The human system and the robotic system

00:42:22:22 - 00:42:24:06
V4, 1
so that we can, you know,

00:42:24:06 - 00:42:26:04
V4, 1
optimize the time on the surface.

00:42:27:08 - 00:42:27:19
V4, 1
Yeah.

00:42:27:19 - 00:42:28:02
V4, 1
Okay.

00:42:28:02 - 00:42:29:02
V4, 1
I've got a

00:42:29:02 - 00:42:31:01
V4, 1
couple more questions to close with,

00:42:31:01 - 00:42:34:00
V4, 1
and then I'll and then I'll let you go.

00:42:34:00 - 00:42:36:00
V4, 1
So after everything that you've studied

00:42:36:00 - 00:42:38:13
V4, 1
and trained for and experienced,

00:42:38:13 - 00:42:40:00
V4, 1
how has your understanding

00:42:40:00 - 00:42:43:00
V4, 1
of the universe changed over time

00:42:43:05 - 00:42:44:16
V4, 1
and how do you see it now

00:42:44:16 - 00:42:47:16
V4, 1
at this point in your life?

00:42:49:02 - 00:42:50:11
V4, 1
I mean, I've got certainly got

00:42:50:11 - 00:42:53:07
V4, 1
a better appreciation for our planet.

00:42:53:07 - 00:42:54:05
V4, 1
And it's kind of odd

00:42:54:05 - 00:42:55:11
V4, 1
that I had to leave the planet

00:42:55:11 - 00:42:57:14
V4, 1
to appreciate our planet.

00:42:57:14 - 00:42:58:10
V4, 1
But I think you'll hear

00:42:58:10 - 00:43:00:10
V4, 1
a lot of my colleagues say that

00:43:00:10 - 00:43:01:13
V4, 1
because you just don't.

00:43:01:13 - 00:43:03:05
V4, 1
Nobody can really grasp,

00:43:03:05 - 00:43:04:18
V4, 1
you know, the same layer of atmosphere

00:43:04:18 - 00:43:05:19
V4, 1
that protects us down here

00:43:05:19 - 00:43:07:11
V4, 1
until you get above it and, like,

00:43:07:11 - 00:43:09:00
V4, 1
look down and see it.

00:43:09:00 - 00:43:10:10
V4, 1
So it's a very humbling view.

00:43:11:14 - 00:43:12:22
V4, 1
My

00:43:12:22 - 00:43:15:01
V4, 1
sense of the universe, I mean, I,

00:43:15:01 - 00:43:15:19
V4, 1
I gotta,

00:43:15:19 - 00:43:16:11
V4, 1
I gotta think there's

00:43:16:11 - 00:43:17:18
V4, 1
something else out there,

00:43:17:18 - 00:43:18:23
V4, 1
living living beings

00:43:18:23 - 00:43:20:01
V4, 1
or living organisms

00:43:20:01 - 00:43:21:04
V4, 1
or something out there.

00:43:21:04 - 00:43:21:18
V4, 1
Obviously

00:43:21:18 - 00:43:22:16
V4, 1
we haven't found it yet,

00:43:22:16 - 00:43:23:14
V4, 1
but I hope that, you know,

00:43:23:14 - 00:43:26:14
V4, 1
one day we'll get further and further,

00:43:26:14 - 00:43:28:11
V4, 1
away from our home planet

00:43:28:11 - 00:43:29:19
V4, 1
to figure things like that out.

00:43:29:19 - 00:43:30:18
V4, 1
And, I don't

00:43:30:18 - 00:43:32:18
V4, 1
know, things really change drastically

00:43:32:18 - 00:43:33:20
V4, 1
in my view of the universe

00:43:33:20 - 00:43:34:20
V4, 1
since I've gone to space,

00:43:34:20 - 00:43:36:07
V4, 1
but it has changed

00:43:36:07 - 00:43:38:20
V4, 1
the way I view our planet.

00:43:38:20 - 00:43:41:20
V4, 1
So what is your next challenge?

00:43:43:02 - 00:43:43:07
V4, 1

00:43:43:07 - 00:43:44:10
V4, 1
My next challenge?

00:43:44:10 - 00:43:46:08
V4, 1
Well, I'm about to be a grandparent

00:43:46:08 - 00:43:50:06
V4, 1
for the first time and so. Yay congratuations.

00:43:50:07 - 00:43:51:16
V4, 1
That's going to be a fun challenge

00:43:51:16 - 00:43:53:11
V4, 1
I think.

00:43:53:11 - 00:43:54:08
V4, 1
So that's, that's

00:43:54:08 - 00:43:56:01
V4, 1
what's kind of on the horizon.

00:43:56:01 - 00:43:57:13
V4, 1
We got a lot going on with our kiddos

00:43:57:13 - 00:43:59:01
V4, 1
with that, with one of them,

00:43:59:01 - 00:43:59:23
V4, 1
another one's

00:43:59:23 - 00:44:00:16
V4, 1
going to get married here

00:44:00:16 - 00:44:01:15
V4, 1
in about five months.

00:44:01:15 - 00:44:04:00
V4, 1
And our son, who's in the military,

00:44:04:00 - 00:44:05:07
V4, 1
is coming home

00:44:05:07 - 00:44:07:13
V4, 1
from his couple years in Korea

00:44:07:13 - 00:44:09:10
V4, 1
pretty soon and back to the States.

00:44:09:10 - 00:44:10:10
V4, 1
And so we got a lot of good stuff

00:44:10:10 - 00:44:12:13
V4, 1
going on, which will just,

00:44:12:13 - 00:44:14:15
V4, 1
you know, naturally create challenges,

00:44:14:15 - 00:44:17:02
V4, 1
but also fun stuff for our families.

00:44:18:11 - 00:44:19:13
V4, 1
Oh, that sounds great.

00:44:19:13 - 00:44:22:03
V4, 1
That's amazing. Congratulations.

00:44:22:03 - 00:44:23:03
V4, 1
Thank you.

00:44:23:03 - 00:44:24:08
V4, 1
Well, before I let you go,

00:44:24:08 - 00:44:26:18
V4, 1
I have one final question.

00:44:26:18 - 00:44:29:08
V4, 1
It's kind of open ended and kind of

00:44:29:08 - 00:44:30:00
V4, 1
you can take it

00:44:30:00 - 00:44:30:15
V4, 1
however you want,

00:44:30:15 - 00:44:31:15
V4, 1
but I just kind of want

00:44:31:15 - 00:44:34:03
V4, 1
to bring it back to ISE Day,

00:44:34:03 - 00:44:35:08
V4, 1
because I'm imagining

00:44:35:08 - 00:44:36:03
V4, 1
that a lot of the people

00:44:36:03 - 00:44:37:17
V4, 1
listening today are students.

00:44:37:17 - 00:44:39:03
V4, 1
They're educators,

00:44:39:03 - 00:44:40:14
V4, 1
high achieving professionals,

00:44:40:14 - 00:44:42:22
V4, 1
and they admire what you do.

00:44:42:22 - 00:44:44:19
V4, 1
They admire what you've accomplished.

00:44:44:19 - 00:44:46:04
V4, 1
But even more than that,

00:44:46:04 - 00:44:48:17
V4, 1
they're probably hoping to learn from it.

00:44:48:17 - 00:44:51:05
V4, 1
So if you could leave our listeners

00:44:51:05 - 00:44:53:01
V4, 1
with one piece,

00:44:53:01 - 00:44:54:00
V4, 1
one final piece,

00:44:54:00 - 00:44:55:15
V4, 1
you've given a lot of advice, but

00:44:55:15 - 00:44:56:09
V4, 1
can you leave us

00:44:56:09 - 00:44:59:09
V4, 1
with some final words of wisdom?

00:44:59:16 - 00:45:02:00
V4, 1
All right, I'll do my best.

00:45:02:00 - 00:45:02:20
V4, 1
I would just challenge

00:45:02:20 - 00:45:05:20
V4, 1
everybody to to do hard things.

00:45:06:03 - 00:45:06:13
V4, 1
I got to

00:45:06:13 - 00:45:08:06
V4, 1
I got somebody told me that early on.

00:45:08:06 - 00:45:10:20
V4, 1
Especially as a young person,

00:45:10:20 - 00:45:12:13
V4, 1
and it's not necessarily

00:45:12:13 - 00:45:13:22
V4, 1
the thing to do for the 20

00:45:13:22 - 00:45:15:10
V4, 1
something is, is to raise your hand

00:45:15:10 - 00:45:16:04
V4, 1
and do hard things,

00:45:16:04 - 00:45:18:12
V4, 1
but now's the time to do it.

00:45:18:12 - 00:45:19:15
V4, 1
And so I encourage you

00:45:19:15 - 00:45:20:17
V4, 1
to challenge yourself.

00:45:22:00 - 00:45:22:17
V4, 1
Raise your hand for

00:45:22:17 - 00:45:23:19
V4, 1
opportunities that nobody else

00:45:23:19 - 00:45:25:15
V4, 1
is raising their hand for,

00:45:25:15 - 00:45:26:16
V4, 1
and you're not going to do.

00:45:26:16 - 00:45:28:17
V4, 1
You're not going to do great at all those

00:45:28:17 - 00:45:29:20
V4, 1
You're going to have some failures.

00:45:29:20 - 00:45:31:07
V4, 1
And that's where you learn.

00:45:31:07 - 00:45:32:21
V4, 1
And you're really

00:45:32:21 - 00:45:34:14
V4, 1
I tell my kids all the time.

00:45:34:14 - 00:45:36:08
V4, 1
Your 20s and your 30s are the

00:45:36:08 - 00:45:37:04
V4, 1
that's the time to be

00:45:37:04 - 00:45:38:12
V4, 1
doing all those things.

00:45:38:12 - 00:45:39:14
V4, 1
Working long hours,

00:45:39:14 - 00:45:40:20
V4, 1
learning as much as you can

00:45:40:20 - 00:45:43:15
V4, 1
and whatever profession you're in.

00:45:43:15 - 00:45:44:19
V4, 1
Because then it's

00:45:44:19 - 00:45:45:23
V4, 1
just going to open up doors

00:45:45:23 - 00:45:48:13
V4, 1
that you have no idea even there.

00:45:48:13 - 00:45:48:23
V4, 1
If you

00:45:48:23 - 00:45:50:15
V4, 1
if you just kind of sit behind a desk

00:45:50:15 - 00:45:53:09
V4, 1
and not really proactive and not,

00:45:53:09 - 00:45:54:23
V4, 1
you know, doing the hard stuff,

00:45:54:23 - 00:45:57:15
V4, 1
you can be fine and have a whatever life,

00:45:57:15 - 00:45:59:16
V4, 1
but you're just not going to excel

00:45:59:16 - 00:46:01:15
V4, 1
and you're not going to push yourself.

00:46:01:15 - 00:46:03:13
V4, 1
To the, to the limits that

00:46:03:13 - 00:46:04:15
V4, 1
that I think you should.

00:46:04:15 - 00:46:05:00
V4, 1
All right.

00:46:05:00 - 00:46:06:18
V4, 1
And that your body really wants you

00:46:06:18 - 00:46:07:14
V4, 1
to push.

00:46:07:14 - 00:46:08:17
V4, 1
Wants it to push itself

00:46:08:17 - 00:46:10:04
V4, 1
so that you can accomplish

00:46:10:04 - 00:46:11:01
V4, 1
incredible things

00:46:11:01 - 00:46:12:20
V4, 1
for your community, for your

00:46:12:20 - 00:46:13:21
V4, 1
for all of our society

00:46:13:21 - 00:46:14:14
V4, 1
and for our country.

00:46:15:20 - 00:46:17:04
V4, 1
That's great advice.

00:46:17:04 - 00:46:18:14
V4, 1
Well, Colonel Shane Kimbrough,

00:46:18:14 - 00:46:19:22
V4, 1
it's been absolute pleasure

00:46:19:22 - 00:46:21:15
V4, 1
and the honor talking with you today.

00:46:21:15 - 00:46:22:22
V4, 1
I just really appreciate it.

00:46:22:22 - 00:46:24:10
V4, 1
And thank you so much for being with us

00:46:24:10 - 00:46:26:08
V4, 1
today on Problem Solved.

00:46:26:08 - 00:46:27:03
V4, 1
My pleasure.

00:46:27:03 - 00:46:28:18
V4, 1
Thanks for having me.

00:46:28:21 - 00:46:30:14
V4, 1
This episode was brought to you by

00:46:30:14 - 00:46:33:00
V4, 1
Binghamton University. Find out more at

00:46:33:02 - 00:46:36:17
V4, 1

V4, 2
binghamton.edu/ssie

00:46:37:03 - 00:46:38:07
V4, 1
Our thanks to retired

00:46:38:07 - 00:46:39:19
V4, 1
NASA astronaut and U.S.

00:46:39:19 - 00:46:41:05
V4, 1
Army Colonel Shane Kimbrough

00:46:41:05 - 00:46:41:21
V4, 1
for joining us

00:46:41:21 - 00:46:44:21
V4, 1
on this special ISE Day conversation.

00:46:44:21 - 00:46:46:23
V4, 1
Join us next time on Problem Solved.